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Table 1 The net drifts and local drifts for Brazil, China, Russia, and South Africa (%)

From: Secular trends in chronic respiratory diseases mortality in Brazil, Russia, China, and South Africa: a comparative study across main BRICS countries from 1990 to 2019

Sex

Net driftsa(95%CI)

Brazil

China

Russia

South Africa

Both

-2.24 (-2.31 , -2.17)

-5.89 (-6.06 , -5.71)

-3.82 (-4.08 , -3.56)

-2.33 (-2.68 , -1.97)

Male

-2.32 (-2.41 , -2.23)

-5.24 (-5.4 , -5.08)

-3.99 (-4.31 , -3.67)

-2.13 (-2.41 , -1.84)

Female

-2.07 (-2.13 , -2.02)

-6.89 (-7.2 , -6.57)

-3.57 (-3.8 , -3.34)

-2.49 (-3.00 , -1.98)

Age

Local driftsa(95%CI)

Brazil

China

Russia

South Africa

20-24

-1.90(-2.34 , -1.46)a

-5.93(-7.54 , -4.29)

-4.09(-6.54 , -1.57)

-5.13(-7.35 , -2.85)

25-29

-2.15(-2.46 , -1.84)a

-6.20(-7.14 , -5.25)

-3.33(-4.70 , -1.94)

-4.86(-6.20 , -3.49)

30-34

-2.33(-2.57 , -2.10)a

-6.00(-6.68 , -5.32)

-2.91(-3.84 , -1.97)

-4.04(-5.06 , -3.00)

35-39

-2.38(-2.57 , -2.18)

-5.92(-6.43 , -5.40)

-3.10(-3.81 , -2.39)

-3.31(-4.19 , -2.43)

40-44

-2.33(-2.48 , -2.17)

-5.94(-6.30 , -5.58)

-3.75(-4.32 , -3.19)

-2.84(-3.60 , -2.08)

45-49

-2.25(-2.37 , -2.12)

-6.13(-6.38 , -5.87)

-4.28(-4.71 , -3.84)

-2.61(-3.28 , -1.94)

50-54

-2.23(-2.33 , -2.13)

-6.37(-6.57 , -6.18)

-4.56(-4.87 , -4.25)

-2.18(-2.75 , -1.60)

55-59

-2.29(-2.37 , -2.21)

-6.45(-6.61 , -6.30)

-4.67(-4.89 , -4.45)

-1.50(-2.00 , -1.00)

60-64

-2.36(-2.43 , -2.29)

-6.12(-6.23 , -6.01)

-4.50(-4.67 , -4.32)

-1.11(-1.56 , -0.66)

65-69

-2.32(-2.38 , -2.26)

-5.71(-5.8 0, -5.62)

-3.89(-4.05 , -3.74)

-0.88(-1.28 , -0.47)

70-74

-2.16(-2.21 , -2.11)

-5.23(-5.30 , -5.16)

-3.10(-3.26 , -2.94)

-1.04(-1.43 , -0.66)

75-79

-2.00(-2.06 , -1.95)

-4.72(-4.79 , -4.66)

-2.57(-2.73 , -2.41)

-1.10(-1.51 , -0.68)

80-84

-1.97(-2.04 , -1.90)

-4.23(-4.31 , -4.14)

-2.69(-2.89 , -2.49)

-1.28(-1.84 , -0.73)

  1. Note: a CI confidence interval; Net drifts represent the overall annual percentage change in the age-standardized rate based on period and birth cohort. Local drifts indicate the annual percentage change over time specific to the age group. All of Net drifts and Local drifts were statistically significant (p < 0.05). India was excluded because India’s data didn’t meet the APC model’s requirements