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Table 3 Overall body of evidence

From: The relationship between telework from home and employee health: a systematic review

Outcome category

Findings for cross-sectional studies

Findings for longitudinal studies

Overall certainty of evidence (GRADE)a

Poor

Fair

Good

Poor

Fair

Good

General health

      

Very low

Beneficial

1

 

No association

2

 

Detrimental

 

Pain

      

Very low

Beneficial

1b

 

No association

1

 

Detrimental

 

Well-being

      

Very low

Beneficial

1

1c

 

No association

1

1

 

Detrimental

 

Stress

      

Low

Beneficial

2

1d

 

No association

1

1e

 

Detrimental

1

 

Exhaustion & Burnout

      

Very low

Beneficial

2

1f

 

No association

2

1g

 

Detrimental

 

Satisfaction life & leisure

      

Low

Beneficial

 

1h

 

No association

 

1

 

Detrimental

 

 
  1. aNone of the outcome groups were upgraded due to magnitude of effect, dose-response, or confounding
  2. bfor males
  3. cfor females with children ≤2 years
  4. dfor males
  5. eno difference between groups, but those TWFH reported lower levels of stress on days TWFH
  6. ffor males
  7. gstudy found partly beneficial and partly detrimental results
  8. hfor leisure, but not overall life