Table 3 Parental and adolescent risk factors associated with any Wave 1 or Wave 2 adolescent and young adult vaping

Parental smoking or vaping

1.91 (1.24, 2.94)**

1.81 (1.14, 2.85)*

Adolescent sex (Female vs. Male)

1.06 (0.79, 1.42)

1.01 (0.74, 1.36)

Adolescent mental disorders

1.35 (0.94, 1.93)

1.25 (0.86, 1.82)

Emotional abuse

1.90 (1.31, 2.76)***

1.92 (1.31, 2.82)***

Emotional neglect

2.24 (1.21, 4.15)**

2.15 (1.14, 4.04)*

Exposure to Verbal IPV

1.94 (1.43, 2.80)***

1.92 (1.31, 2.80)***

Spanking

1.02 (0.74, 1.41)

1.03 (0.74, 1.45)

Household substance use

2.05 (1.32, 3.16)***

1.92 (1.22, 3.01)**

Household mental illness

1.68 (1.20, 2.35)**

1.56 (1.09, 2.23)*

Parental separation/divorce

1.55 (1.10, 2.19)*

1.50 (0.92, 2.44)

Parental problems with police

1.98 (1.15, 3.38)*

1.91 (1.09, 3.35)*

Parental gambling

2.42 (0.96, 6.06)

1.89 (0.73, 4.89)

Foster care or contact with CPO

2.00 (1.24, 3.20)**

1.90 (1.15, 3.14)*

Poverty

0.99 (0.65, 1.49)

0.96 (0.61, 1.51)

Unsafe neighbourhood

2.46 (1.14, 5.34)*

2.25 (1.01, 5.01)*

Peer victimization

1.65 (1.15, 2.36)**

1.70 (1.17, 2.46)**