Growth patterns of infants with in- utero HIV and ARV exposure in Cape Town, South Africa and Lusaka, Zambia

Nyemba, Dorothy C.; Kalk, Emma; Vinikoor, Michael J.; Madlala, Hlengiwe P.; Mubiana-Mbewe, Mwangelwa; Mzumara, Maureen; Moore, Carolyn Bolton; Slogrove, Amy L.; Boulle, Andrew; Davies, Mary-Ann; Myer, Landon; Powis, Kathleen

doi:10.1186/s12889-021-12476-z

BMC Public Health

Table 4 Liner mixed effect models for comparison of WAZ, LAZ and WLZ at 6–10 weeks and 6 months between infants who were HEU with different timing of fetal ARV exposure

From: Growth patterns of infants with in- utero HIV and ARV exposure in Cape Town, South Africa and Lusaka, Zambia

	Anthropometric Measure	Predictor - ARV exposure	N	Multivariable at 6–10 weeks		Multivariable at 6 months
	Anthropometric Measure	Predictor - ARV exposure	N	β (95% CI)	P-value	β (95% CI)	P-value
*Combined	Weight for age z-score	During pregnancy	139	Ref		Ref
	Weight for age z-score	From conception	256	+ 0.02 (−0.21 − + 0.26)	0.83	+ 0.04 (− 0.20 − + 0.28)	0.73
	Length for age z-score	During pregnancy	139	Ref
	Length for age z-score	From conception	256	−0.24 (− 0.53 − + 0.04)	0.09	+ 0.13 (− 0.18 − + 0.44)	0.41
	Weight for length z-score	During pregnancy	139	Ref
	Weight for length z-score	From conception	256	+ 0.29 (−0.07 − + 0.66)	0.11	− 0.01 (− 0.32 − + 0.29)	0.92
South Africa	Weight for age z-score	During pregnancy	74	Ref		Ref
	Weight for age z-score	From conception	172	0.08 (−0.24 − + 0.40)	0.61	0.01 (− 0.32 − + 0.35)	0.94
	Length for age z-score	During pregnancy	74	Ref
	Length for age z-score	From conception	172	−0.35 (− 0.73 − + 0.03)	0.07	0.03 (− 0.37 − + 0.43)	0.86
	Weight for length z-score	During pregnancy	74	Ref
	Weight for length z-score	From conception	172	0.53 (0.06–1.01)	0.02	0.01 (−0.41 − + 0.42)	0.96
Zambia	Weight for age z-score	During pregnancy	65	Ref		Ref
	Weight for age z-score	From conception	84	−0.11 (−0.48 − + 0.27)	0.58	0.06 (− 0.31 - + 0.43)	0.74
	Length for age z-score	During pregnancy	65	Ref
	Length for age z-score	From conception	84	−0.15 (−0.61 − + 0.30)	0.51	0.26 (− 0.25 − + 0.78)	0.31
	Weight for length z-score	During pregnancy	65	Ref
	Weight for length z-score	From conception	84	−0.04 (−0.61 − + 0.68)	0.90	−0.09 (− 0.71 − + 0.39)	0.71

Adjusted for maternal age, maternal bmi, employment, marital status and infant feeding with random intercept for country
Model limited to infants who are HIV exposed uninfected by timing to exposure to ARVs
β mean change in z-score between infants who are HEU and HU; CI confidence interval; N number of participants

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