Growth patterns of infants with in- utero HIV and ARV exposure in Cape Town, South Africa and Lusaka, Zambia

BMC Public Health

Table 3 Linear mixed effects models for comparison of WAZ, LAZ and WLZ between infants who were HEU and HU at 6–10 weeks and 6 months

	Anthropometric Measure	Predictor	N	Multivariable at 6–10 weeks		Multivariable at 6 months
	Anthropometric Measure	Predictor	N	β (95% CI)	P-value	β (95% CI)	P-value
*Combined	Weight for age z-score	HU	378	Ref		Ref
	Weight for age z-score	HEU	395	−0.29 (−0.46 - -0.12)	0.001	−0.09 (− 0.27 − + 0.08)	0.31
	Length for age z-score	HU	378	Ref
	Length for age z-score	HEU	395	−0.01 (− 0.20 − + 0.21)	0.96	−0.28 (− 0.50 - -0.06)	0.01
	Weight for length z-score	HU	378	Ref
	Weight for length z-score	HEU	395	−0.42 (− 0.68 - -0.16)	0.002	+ 0.11 (−0.11 − + 0.33)	0.32
South Africa	Weight for age z-score	HU	251	Ref		Ref
	Weight for age z-score	HEU	246	− 0.23 (−0.47 - -0.01)	0.04	−0.11 (− 0.35 − + 0.13)	0.36
	Length for age z-score	HU	251	Ref
	Length for age z-score	HEU	246	−0.15 (−0.42 − + 0.11)	0.25	−0.30 (− 0.59 - -0.01)	0.04
	Weight for length z-score	HU	251	Ref
	Weight for length z-score	HEU	246	−0.15 (−0.47 − + 0.16)	0.34	+ 0.10 (− 0.19 − + 0.39)	0.51
Zambia	Weight for age z-score	HU	127	Ref		Ref
	Weight for age z-score	HEU	149	−0.31 (− 0.59 - -0.04)	0.02	− 0.09 (− 0.34 - + 0.16)	0.48
	Length for age z-score	HU	127	Ref
	Length for age z-score	HEU	149	+ 0.34 (+ 0.01 − + 0.68)	0.04	− 0.22 (− 0.58 − + 0.14)	0.23
	Weight for length z-score	HU	127	Ref
	Weight for length z-score	HEU	149	−0.92 (−1.39 - -0.44)	< 0.001	+ 0.08 (− 0.26 − + 0.42)	0.64

Adjusted for maternal age, maternal Body Mass Index (BMI), employment, marital status and infant feeding with random intercept for country
HEU Infants who are HIV exposed uninfected; HU Infants who are HIV unexposed uninfected; β mean change in z-score between HEU and HU; CI confidence interval; N number of participants

ISSN: 1471-2458