Table 1 Individual-level characteristics by sleep duration from NHANES (2015–2018) sample of US adults with hypertension a
Characteristics | Sleep duration | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | Short | Adequate | Long | P-value | |
Total, n (%) | 5660 (100%) | 1444 (23.6) | 3495 (65.7) | 721 (10.7) | |
Sex, % | |||||
Male, | 2927 (52.1) | 60.0 | 51.3 | 39.7 | < 0.001 |
Female | 2733 (47.9) | 40.0 | 48.7 | 60.3 | |
Age, mean years (SE) | 56.1 (0.4) | 53.7 (0.5) | 56.2 (0.5) | 60.4 (0.8) | |
Age category, % | |||||
18–44 | 1159 (23.8) | 26.3 | 23.6 | 18.9 | < 0.001 |
45–64 | 2356 (43.7) | 51.8 | 42.5 | 33.3 | |
65 and above | 2145 (32.5) | 21.9 | 33.9 | 47.8 | |
Comorbidities, % | |||||
Heart disease | 763 (11.4) | 12.3 | 10.4 | 15.5 | 0.073 |
Stroke | 361 (5.1) | 4.5 | 4.6 | 9.6 | < 0.001 |
COPD or asthma | 847 (14.4) | 15.3 | 13.1 | 20.1 | 0.006 |
Arthritis | 2365 (41.8) | 40.6 | 40.7 | 50.9 | 0.005 |
Diabetes mellitus | 1547 (22.1) | 22.8 | 20.6 | 30.1 | 0.015 |
Chronic kidney disease | 745 (11.2) | 9.5 | 10.4 | 20.1 | < 0.001 |
Depressive symptoms, % | |||||
Minimal or none | 3933 (74.7) | 71.7 | 77.7 | 62.4 | < 0.001 |
Mild | 890 (16.5) | 16.9 | 15.4 | 22.6 | |
Moderate | 296 (5.8) | 7.5 | 4.7 | 8.7 | |
Moderately severe to severe | 184 (3.0) | 3.9 | 2.2 | 6.3 | |
Help-seeking for sleeping difficulty, % | 1859 (37.2) | 41.0 | 35.5 | 39.8 | 0.066 |
BMI category, % | |||||
< 25 | 1109 (18.1) | 17.2 | 18.1 | 20.2 | 0.439 |
25 - < 30 | 1755 (30.5) | 29.2 | 31.0 | 30.7 | |
30 - < 35 | 1349 (25.7) | 25.0 | 25.9 | 26.6 | |
35 - < 40 | 737 (13.8) | 14.5 | 14.1 | 10.9 | |
≥ 40 | 620 (11.8) | 14.1 | 10.9 | 11.7 | |
Smoking status, % | |||||
Never smoker | 3066 (52.8) | 50.6 | 54.2 | 48.9 | < 0.001 |
Current smoker | 1005 (17.2) | 22.1 | 14.7 | 21.3 | |
Former smoker | 1583 (30.0) | 27.3 | 31.1 | 29.8 | |
Alcohol intake, % | |||||
None | 1973 (29.4) | 29.8 | 27.6 | 39.2 | 0.001 |
Moderate | 1827 (38.6) | 35.8 | 40.4 | 34.4 | |
Heavy | 1457 (32.0) | 34.4 | 32.0 | 26.4 | |
Physical activity level, % | |||||
Sufficient | 642 (11.7) | 10.3 | 12.4 | 10.6 | < 0.001 |
None | 1770 (26.2) | 26.0 | 24.3 | 38.6 | |
Low | 803 (13.7) | 10.6 | 15.0 | 12.8 | |
High | 2445 (48.3) | 53.1 | 48.3 | 38.0 | |