|
Background factors
|
Poor SRH
|
Low psychological health
|
Low subjective well-being
|
|---|
|
%
|
p < 0.05
|
%
|
p < 0.05
|
%
|
p < 0.05
|
|---|
|
Smoking tobacco
| |
0.046
| |
0.936
| |
0.455
|
|
No
|
54.8
| |
23.7
| |
26.9
| |
|
Yes
|
57.9
| |
22.1
| |
25.7
| |
|
Chewing tobacco
| |
0.032
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
|
|
No
|
54.9
| |
21.5
| |
24.8
| |
|
Yes
|
56.8
| |
30.3
| |
33.7
| |
|
Alcohol consumption
| |
0.093
| |
0.031
| |
< 0.001
|
|
No
|
55.5
| |
23.7
| |
27.4
| |
|
Yes
|
53.1
| |
19.8
| |
18.6
| |
|
Chronic diseases
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
|
|
No
|
40.5
| |
20.0
| |
23.3
| |
|
Yes
|
63.4
| |
25.3
| |
28.6
| |
|
Difficulty in ADL
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
|
|
High
|
52.9
| |
21.2
| |
24.5
| |
|
Low
|
84.7
| |
51.3
| |
54.8
| |
|
Difficulty in IADL
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
|
|
High
|
45.5
| |
14.4
| |
16.1
| |
|
Low
|
62.8
| |
30.4
| |
34.9
| |
|
Age (years)
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
|
|
60-69
|
49.6
| |
19.9
| |
23.2
| |
|
70-79
|
62.2
| |
27.0
| |
30.0
| |
|
80+
|
70.0
| |
34.9
| |
38.7
| |
|
Sex
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
| |
0.048
|
|
Male
|
51.9
| |
21.1
| |
23.9
| |
|
Female
|
58.3
| |
25.5
| |
29.3
| |
|
Marital Status
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
|
|
Not in union
|
61.3
| |
28.5
| |
32.9
| |
|
Currently in union
|
51.3
| |
20.1
| |
22.7
| |
|
Education
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
|
|
No education
|
61.0
| |
30.6
| |
35.5
| |
|
Below 5 years
|
56.9
| |
22.3
| |
24.0
| |
|
6-10 years
|
44.8
| |
12.5
| |
13.9
| |
|
11+ years
|
41.1
| |
8.4
| |
10.3
| |
|
Working status (last one year)
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
|
|
No
|
60.7
| |
27.1
| |
30.4
| |
|
Yes
|
47.1
| |
19.4
| |
23.5
| |
|
Retired
|
35.8
| |
6.2
| |
7.0
| |
|
Living arrangement
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
|
|
Alone
|
56.7
| |
32.9
| |
39.7
| |
|
With spouse
|
49.9
| |
20.7
| |
25.8
| |
|
With children
|
55.8
| |
22.9
| |
25.4
| |
|
Others
|
60.7
| |
26.3
| |
30.9
| |
|
Wealth quintile
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
|
|
Poorest
|
61.8
| |
37.1
| |
47.3
| |
|
Poorer
|
56.0
| |
29.6
| |
32.4
| |
|
Middle
|
53.2
| |
19.7
| |
21.1
| |
|
Richer
|
48.5
| |
14.7
| |
14.7
| |
|
Richest
|
55.2
| |
9.2
| |
9.3
| |
|
Religion
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
|
|
Hindu
|
52.8
| |
25.7
| |
28.5
| |
|
Muslim
|
66.3
| |
23.1
| |
29.9
| |
|
Sikh
|
65.5
| |
7.8
| |
12.1
| |
|
Others
|
61.4
| |
16.3
| |
21.6
| |
|
Caste
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
|
|
Scheduled Caste
|
60.0
| |
28.0
| |
33.8
| |
|
Scheduled Tribe
|
46.5
| |
32.4
| |
35.1
| |
|
Other Backward Class
|
53.2
| |
25.7
| |
27.8
| |
|
Others
|
56.0
| |
17.3
| |
20.5
| |
|
Residence
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
|
|
Rural
|
56.9
| |
25.1
| |
28.3
| |
|
Urban
|
50.8
| |
18.7
| |
22.4
| |
|
State
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
| |
< 0.001
|
|
Himachal Pradesh
|
46.0
| |
17.0
| |
15.1
| |
|
Punjab
|
65.9
| |
7.2
| |
11.4
| |
|
West Bengal
|
77.9
| |
29.3
| |
48.3
| |
|
Orissa
|
47.5
| |
37.5
| |
35.3
| |
|
Maharashtra
|
40.9
| |
22.7
| |
34.3
| |
|
Kerala
|
67.1
| |
13.8
| |
14.8
| |
|
Tamil Nadu
|
46.1
| |
36.2
| |
31.7
| |
- *if p < 0.05, % percentage, SRH self-rated health, ADL Activities of Daily Living, IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, p-value based on chi-square test
