Table 1 Characteristics of the old adults by sleep duration
From: Association between social capital and sleep duration among rural older adults in China
| Â | <7h | 7-9h | >9h | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender, N (%) | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Male | 1647(40.1%) | 1150(50.0%) | 680(47.4%) |  |
 Female | 2461(59.9%) | 1151(50.0%) | 756(52.6%) | |
Age, mean (SD) | 81.77(11.24) | 81.75(11.28) | 87.19(11.32) | <0.001 |
Household annual income, N (%) | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 ≤10000 | 1871(45.5%) | 895(38.9%) | 571(39.8%) |  |
 10000-36000 | 997(24.3%) | 618(26.9%) | 359(25.0%) | |
 >36000 | 1240(30.2%) | 788(34.2%) | 506(35.2%) | |
Having pension | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Yes | 334(8.1%) | 266(11.6%) | 120(8.4%) |  |
 No | 3774(91.9%) | 2035(88.4%) | 1317(91.6%) |  |
Education | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Uneducated | 2132(51.9%) | 1063(46.2%) | 823(57.3%) |  |
 Primary school | 1577(38.4%) | 887(38.5%) | 504(35.1%) | |
 Middle school and high school | 375(9.1%) | 321(13.9%) | 102(7.1%) |  |
 College or above | 24(0.6%) | 31(1.3%) | 8(0.5%) |  |
Live alone | Â | Â | Â | <0.05 |
 Yes | 121(2.9%) | 45(2.0%) | 47(3.3%) |  |
 No | 3987(97.1%) | 2256(98.0%) | 1389(96.7%) |  |
Marital status, N (%) | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Married and living with spouse | 1923(46.8%) | 1136(49.4%) | 496(34.5%) |  |
 Separated | 76(1.9%) | 42(18%) | 12(0.8%) | |
 Divorced | 10(0.2%) | 0(0.0%) | 8(0.6%) | |
 Widowed | 2071(50.4%) | 1100(47.8%) | 903(62.9%) | |
 Never married | 27(0.7%) | 23(1.0%) | 17(1.2%) | |
Current residential area, N (%) | Â | Â | 0.332 | |
 City | 123(3.0%) | 64(2.8%) | 30(2.1%) |  |
 Town | 1497(36.4%) | 808(35.1%) | 517(36.0%) | |
 Rural | 2487(60.6%) | 1429(62.1%) | 889(61.9%) | |
Smoking, N (%) | Â | Â | Â | <0.01 |
 Yes | 687(16.7%) | 459(19.9%) | 263(18.3%) |  |
 No | 3421(83.3%) | 1842(80.1%) | 1174(81.7%) | |
Alcohol drinking, N (%) | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Yes | 586(14.3%) | 405(17.6%) | 261(18.2%) |  |
 No | 3522(85.7%) | 1896(82.4%) | 1175(81.8%) | |
Physical activity, N (%) | Â | Â | Â | <0.01 |
 Yes | 1173(28.6%) | 738(32.1%) | 383(26.7%) |  |
 No | 2935(71.4%) | 1563(67.9%) | 1054(73.3%) | |
Having NCD, N (%) | Â | Â | Â | <0.01 |
 Yes | 2804(68.2%) | 1563(67.9%) | 905(63.0%) |  |
 No | 1305(31.8%) | 738(32.1%) | 532(37.0%) |  |
Comorbidity, N (%) | Â | Â | Â | <0.01 |
 Yes | 1500(36.5%) | 837(36.4%) | 460(32.0%) |  |
 No | 2608(63.5%) | 1464(63.6%) | 977(68.0%) |  |
Sleep quality, N (%) | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Good/very good | 1260(30.7%) | 1649(71.7%) | 1141(79.5%) |  |
 Other | 2848(69.3%) | 652(28.3%) | 295(20.5%) |  |
ADL score, mean (SD) | 6.66(1.99) | 6.51(1.72) | 6.71(1.75) | <0.01 |
MMSE score, mean (SD) | 24.86(6.19) | 25.16(6.04) | 23.61(6.72) | <0.001 |
Depression score, mean (SD) | 6.84(3.15) | 7.31(2.79) | 7.43(3.08) | <0.001 |
BMI, mean (SD) | 25.40 | 27.88 | 29.57 | <0.01 |
Generalized trust, N (%) | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Trustworthy | 2919(71.1%) | 1750(76.0%) | 1065(74.1%) |  |
 Untrustworthy | 1189(28.9%) | 552(24.0%) | 372(25.9%) |  |
Social participation (informal), N (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 | |
 Yes | 2706(65.9%) | 1514(65.8%) | 782(54.4%) |  |
 No | 1402(34.1%) | 787(34.2%) | 655(45.6%) |  |
Social participation (formal), N (%) | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Yes | 461(11.2%) | 267(11.6%) | 100(7.0%) |  |
 No | 3647(88.8%) | 2034(88.4%) | 1336(93.0%) |  |
Social support (emotional), N (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.169 |
 Yes | 4015(97.7%) | 2234(97.0%) | 1406(97.8%) |  |
 No | 93(2.3%) | 68(3.0%) | 31(2.2%) |  |
Social support (instrumental), N (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.010 |
 Yes | 4048(98.5%) | 2280(99.1%) | 1429(99.4%) |  |
 No | 60(1.5%) | 21(0.9%) | 8(0.6%) |  |
Cases, N (%) | 4108(52.4%) | 2301(29.3%) | 1437(18.3%) | Â |