Table 2 Demographic characteristics of included studies
| Â | Study ID, Country | Study aim | Demographics | Data collection & analysis approach | Quality | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Participants, Number, Age | Child age | Socioeconomic indicator, Ethnicity | Â | SRQR Score | |||
1 | Agrawal 2019, US [54] | To understand how changes in low-income mothers’ work, home, and childcare environments impact their food practices for young children | Mothers (N=19) 23-44 years | 3-4 years | "Head Start" recipients White (N=18), Black (N=1) | Individual interviews (X2) Grounded theory | 13 |
2 | Alcazar 2017, US [53] | To explore the adoption of Brighter Bites healthy eating strategies in low-income Spanish-speaking families, as well as barriers to the sustainability of improved dietary behaviors | Mothers (N=5) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
age not specified | School age | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | "National School Lunch Program" recipients Hispanic | Photovoice Thematic analysis | 13 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
3 | Berge 2016, US [56] | To identify meal-level characteristics within ethnically and socio-economically diverse households that were similar and/or different between households with and without an overweight/obese child | Mothers & fathers (N=118) 25-65 years | 6-12 years | Majority <$35,000 annually African American (N=77), White (N=15), Mixed (N=28) | Individual interviews Content analysis | 15 |
4 | Berge 2019, US [55] | To identify qualitative themes regarding parents’ perspectives about meal characteristics and meal types that influence family meal frequency | Mothers & fathers (N=150) 34.5 ± 7.1 years | 5-7 years | Majority <$35,000 annually White (N=27), Asian (N=25), Somali (N=25), African American (N=22), Native American (N=21), Hispanic (N=23), Mixed (N=7) | Individual interviews Content analysis | 17 |
5 | Chen 2014, US [57] | To evaluate the impact of an intervention promoting ethnic produce through classroom food demonstrations, tastings and home cooking activities among ethnically diverse elementary-school children | Mothers & fathers (N=28) age not specified | 5-8 years | Majority free and/or reduced-price school meals recipients White (N=14), Latino (N=8), Hmong (N=6) | Focus groups Grounded theory | 16 |
6 | Hardcastle 2016, UK [50] | To explore the perceptions and attitudes that underlie food choices, and, the impact of a school-based healthy eating intervention in mothers from an economically disadvantaged community | Mothers (N=16) 42.8 ± 3.5 years | 13-15 years | Socially deprived area Ethnicity not specified | Individual phone interviews Thematic analysis | 17 |
7 | Harmon 2015, US [58] | To explore children’s involvement in meal preparation at home and to examine changes in children’s attitudes and self-efficacy related to cooking | Mothers, fathers & grandmothers (N=13) age not specified | 9-12 years | Attending high-poverty and low-performing schools African American (N=64), Hispanic (N=1) | Individual phone interviews Thematic analysis | 15 |
8 | Herman 2012, US [45] | To understand the contextual factors that influence how low-income mothers felt about addressing behavioral targets for preventing obesity and their aspirations in feeding their children | Mothers (N=32) 20-41 years | 3-5.5 years | "Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program" recipients Black (N=29), οther non-White (N=3) | Focus groups Thematic analysis | 21 |
9 | MacNell 2017, US [46] | To show how residents of an urban food desert navigate and understand their food environments | Mothers (N=42) age not specified | 2-8 years | "Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program" recipients African American (N=31), Hispanic (N=10), Mixed (N=1) | Individual interviews Thematic analysis | 8 |
10 | Penilla 2017, US [51] | To explore parents’ experiences in providing meals and opportunities to play to their children aged 2 to 5 years | Mothers & fathers (N=49) 30±5.8, 35±9.1 respectively | 2-5 years | Low-income area Latino | Focus groups Conceptual framework analysis | 16 |