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Table 2 Associations between dog ownership and physical activity in the total cohort of 1406 participants

From: Association of dog ownership with accelerometer-measured physical activity and daily steps in 70-year-old individuals: a population-based cross-sectional study

Dog owners compared to non-dog owners

Increase in steps/day

β (95% CI)

Increase in LPA/day

β (95% CI)

Increase in MVPA/day

β (95% CI)

Meeting physical activity recommendations

OR (95% CI)a

Unadjusted

1581 (1122–2039)

16.6 (5.2–28.0)

10.8 (7.2–14.5)

1.78 (1.31–2.42)

Adjustedb

1738 (1326–2149)

19.2 (8.8–29.6)

11.4 (8.0–14.9)

2.07 (1.48–2.90)

  1. aDefined as accumulating on average > 30 min/d of MVPA
  2. bAll adjusted models included the following covariates: sex, date of examination, BMI, physical function, smoking status, GDS-15 score, cardiovascular disease, level of education, marital status, annual household disposable income, accelerometer wear time. The analyses of LPA and MVPA were mutually adjusted for each other
  3. Abbreviations: β unstandardized beta, BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, GDS-15 Geriatric Depression Scale 15-item version, LPA light-intensity physical activity, MVPA moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity, OR odds ratio