Table 1 Basic data of all included studies, including the study’s duration (Days), assessment frequency (Freq.), inclusion of multilevel analysis (ML), and the QualSyst score (QS)
ID | Study reference | N | Workplace setting | Days | Freq. | ML | QS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | [48] | 83 | Hospital nurses | 3 | 1x/d | Yes | 0.90 |
2 | [49] | 120 | Faculty members of a medium-sized university | 9 | 3x/d | No | 0.77 |
3 | [50] | 304 | Nurses (n=119) and physicians (n=185) | 7 | 1x/90-min | No | 0.90 |
4 | [51] | 49 | Full-time university employees | 10 | 3x/d | Yes | 0.86 |
5 | [52] | 39 | Sales representatives, mechanical engineers, R&D professionals, government service employees, and other | 10 | 1x/d | Yes | 0.77 |
6 | [53] | 45 | Employees of an IT company | 15 | 2x/d | Yes | 1.00 |
7 | [54] | 40 | State police officers | 5 | 1x/d | Yes | 0.81 |
8 | [36] | 115 | Public office employees | 5 | 1x/d | Yes | 1.00 |
9 | [55] | 106 | Employees of public service organizations | 5 | 3x/d | Yes | 1.00 |
10 | [56] | 14 | Emergency response officers (police) | 11 | 1x/d | No | 0.85 |
11 | [57] | 130 | Employees of a security company | 28 | 2x/week | Yes | 0.86 |
12 | [58] | 205 | Employees | 5 | 1x/d | Yes | 0.95 |
13 | [59] | 64 | Professional staff at the headquarters of a construction company | 12 | 1x/d | Yes | 1.00 |
14 | [60] | 120 | Full-time workers | 6 | – | No | 0.90 |
15 | [61] | 52 | Fly-in–fly-out workers (i.e., workers who fly from cities to remote locations) of a multinational construction company | 28 | – | Yes | 0.86 |
16 | [62] | 37 | Employees of primary schools | 10 | 1x/d | Yes | 0.95 |
17 | [63] | 20 | Ambulance personnel | 7 | – | No | 0.54 |
18 | [64] | 96 | Hospital nurses | 5 | 1x/90-min | Yes | 0.95 |
19 | [65] | 112 | Working couples (n=56) | 7 | 4x/3-hour | Yes | 0.86 |
20 | [66] | 76 | Service job employees | 14 | 2x/d | Yes | 1.00 |
21 | [67] | 185 | Physicians | 7 | 1x/90-min | No | 0.90 |
22 | [68] | 133 | Hospital nurses | 5 | 4x/d | Yes | 0.90 |
23 | [69] | 28 | Open-floor office workers | 42 | 3x/d | No | 0.40 |
24 | [70] | 97 | Full-time workers | 15 | 1x/d | Yes | 0.95 |
25 | [71] | 30 | Nurses, cooks, salespersons, electronic technicians, bank clerks | 15 | – | No | 0.81 |
26 | [72] | Hospital nurses | 60 | 1x/d | Yes | 0.81 | |
Wave 1: | 60 | 30 | |||||
Wave 2: | 38 | 30 | |||||
27 | [73] | 36 | Field emergency medical technicians | 30 | 1x/d | No | 0.77 |
28 | [74] | 119 | Hospital nurses | 7 | 1x/90-min | No | 0.95 |
29 | [75] | 122 | Public office employees | 5 | 2x/d | Yes | 0.95 |
30 | [76] | 0.50 | |||||
Sub-study 1: See [54] (ID 7). | |||||||
Sub-study 2: | 41 | University secretaries | 5 | 1x/d | Yes | ||
Sub-study 3: | 38 | Correctional officers in prisons | 5 | 1–2x/d | Yes | ||
31 | [77] | 20 | Surgeons | 2–3 | – | No | 0.70 |
32 | [78] | 104 | Full-time school teachers | 1 | – | No | 0.63 |
33 | [79] | 100 | Hospital nurses | 2 | 1x/90-min | Yes | 1.00 |
34 | [37] | 131 | Employees of an IT division | 8 | 1x/d | Yes | 1.00 |
35 | [80] | 76 | Employees (financial and business services, health care, public office, education) | 5 | 3x/d | Yes | 1.00 |
36 | [81] | 201 | Employees | 5 | 1x/d | Yes | 0.95 |
37 | [82] | 48 | Freelance or portfolio workers (publishing, coaching, accountancy, sales, translator, psychologist, web design, joiner) | 182 | 1x/week | Yes | 1.00 |
38 | [83] | 20 | Physicians | 1 | – | No | 0.45 |
39 | [84] | 132 | Secondary school teachers | 3 | 1x/d | Yes | 0.90 |
40 | [85] | 23 | Hospital nurses | 14 | – | Yes | 0.90 |
41 | [86] | 47 | Hotel hourly employees (housekeeping, food and beverage, front desk) | 8 | 1x/d | Yes | 1.00 |