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Table 2 Living conditions, lifestyle factors and health among early and late respondents 16-84 years in 2020 and adjusted odds ratios (with 95% confidence intervals in parenthesis) for living conditions, lifestyle factors and health among late respondents compared to early respondents

From: Living conditions, lifestyle habits and health among adults before and after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Sweden - results from a cross-sectional population-based study

 

Total

Early respondent

Late respondent

p-value for difference between respondent groupsa

Adjusted ORb (95% CI)

Living conditions (%)

 Economic difficulties

10.2

9.0

13.9

.001

1.37 (1.02-1.86)

 Social support

90.3

90.4

90.0

.790

1.07 (0.77-1.49)

 Trust in other people

79.3

80.5

75.8

.019

0.87 (0.69-1.11)

 Worried about losing one’s job (employed)

10.6

8.6

16.0

<.001

1.77 (1.19-2.64)

Lifestyle factors (%)

 Physically active

64.6

65.6

61.6

.089

0.83 (0.67-1.02)

 Sits at least 10 h/day

17.9

17.7

18.7

.576

0.97 (0.75-1.25)

 Daily smoker

7.1

6.9

7.9

.424

1.14 (0.79-1.65)

 Risk drinker

12.4

12.1

13.5

.373

1.04 (0.77-1.39)

Health (%)

 Good self-rated health

68.3

67.3

71.6

.057

1.18 (0.95-1.47)

 Pain in shoulders or neck

52.2

52.0

52.7

.787

1.11 (0.91-1.35)

 High blood pressure

33.3

34.4

30.1

.058

1.03 (0.81-1.30)

 Sleeping difficulties

43.6

45.5

37.7

.001

0.75 (0.61-0.92)

 Anxiety or worry

36.0

35.9

36.3

.870

0.95 (0.77-1.17)

 Stress

51.1

49.4

56.4

.004

1.16 (0.94-1.42)

  1. a p-values are from chi-squared tests
  2. b Odds ratios adjusted for gender, age group, educational level, and country of birth. Outcome measures are living conditions, lifestyle factors, and health. Early/late response is the independent variable (reference category = early response). Statistically significant odds ratios marked with bold