Table 3 Logistic regression analysis of outpatient care utilization

 Current smoker

1.12 (1.03–1.21)

1.16 (1.06–1.27)

1.88 (1.42–2.51)

 Former smoker

1.12 (1.01–1.24)

1.20 (1.07–1.33)

2.03 (1.51–2.74)

 Never smoker (ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Regular drinking

0.82 (0.76–0.88)

0.80 (0.74–0.87)

0.83 (0.75–0.93)

 Healthy weight (ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Underweight

1.11 (1.02–1.21)

1.13 (1.03–1.25)

1.09 (0.96–1.24)

 Overweight

0.96 (0.91–1.01)

0.96 (0.91–1.02)

1.02 (0.93–1.10)

 Obese

0.99 (0.91–1.08)

1.03 (0.94–1.13)

1.26 (1.08–1.46)

 16–24 (ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 25–64

1.55 (1.32–1.83)

1.58 (1.32–1.89)

1.17 (0.91–1.50)

  > =65

1.98 (1.67–2.35)

2.20(1.83–2.66)

1.69 (1.28–2.23)

Male

0.71 (0.66–0.77)

0.65 (0.60–0.71)

–

 Illiteracy (ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Elementary school

0.88 (0.82–0.94)

0.85 (0.79–0.92)

0.98 (0.82–1.17)

 Middle school

0.85 (0.80–0.91)

0.82 (0.76–0.88)

1.04 (0.81–1.33)

 High school

0.79 (0.72–0.87)

0.75 (0.68–0.82)

1.16 (0.81–1.65)

 Above high school

0.76 (0.68–0.86)

0.70 (0.62–0.80)

1.20 (0.77–1.87)

Married

0.96 (0.89–1.04)

0.95 (0.86–1.04)

0.82 (0.69–0.98)

Urban residency

0.90 (0.86–0.95)

0.91 (0.86–0.97)

1.26 (1.09–1.45)

Medical insurance coverage

1.18 (1.09–1.28)

1.19 (1.09–1.30)

1.12 (1.01–1.23)

Household income

1.00 (0.99–1.00)

1.00 (1.00–1.01)

1.01 (1.00–1.02)

Employed

1.14 (1.08–1.21)

1.18 (1.11–1.25)

1.23 (1.13–1.33)

 Poor

3.07 (2.89–3.26)

3.44 (3.21–3.68)

2.49 (2.30–2.69)

 Fair (ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Good

0.46 (0.43–0.48)

0.44 (0.42–0.47)

0.57 (0.53–0.61)

 Chronic disease

3.09 (2.93–3.26)

3.23 (3.06–3.42)

2.21 (2.07–2.35)

 Constant

0.18 (0.15–0.22)

0.15 (0.12–0.18)

–

 Observations

63,260

63,260

34,520