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Table 2 Multinomial regression unadjusted and full adjusted model; voting intentions, sociodemographic characteristics and alcohol use

From: Association between cigarette smoking status and voting intentions: Cross sectional surveys in England 2015-2020

 

Labour

Lib Dems

Other

Would not vote

Undecided

Refused

 

OR (95% CI) p value

Adj OR (95% CI) p value

OR (95% CI) p value

Adj OR (95% CI) p value

OR (95% CI) p value

Adj OR (95% CI) p value

OR (95% CI) p value

Adj OR (95% CI) p value

OR (95% CI) p value

Adj OR (95% CI) p value

OR (95% CI) p value

Adj OR (95% CI) p value

Smoking status

            

Never smoker

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.000

1.00

Former smoker

0.76 (0.71-0.81) <0.001

1.10 (1.03-1.18) 0.006

0.88 (0.80-0.96) 0.007

0.99 (0.89-1.09) 0.79

1.17 (1.06-1.29) 0.002

1.34 (1.21-1.48) <0.001

0.71 (0.65 – 0.78) <0.001

1.13 (1.03-1.24) 0.007

0.73 (0.69-0.79) <0.001

1.03 (0.96-1.10) 0.41

0.59 (0.52-0.67) <0.001

0.80 (0.70-0.91) 0.001

Current smoker

1.48 (1.38-1.52) <0.001

1.27 (1.16-1.36) <0.001

0.78 (0.69-0.81) <0.001

0.80 (0.70-0.91) 0.001

1.80 (1.61-2.00) <0.001

1.54 (1.37-1.72) <0.001

2.57 (2.38-2.79) <0.001

1.93 (1.77-2.11) <0.001

1.38 (1.25 – 1.45) <0.001

1.22 (1.13-1.33) <0.001

0.93 (0.81-1.07) 0.32

0.97 (0.84-1.11) 0.64

Age

            

65 +

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

55-64

1.75 (1.61-1.90) <0.001

1.87 (1.67-1.98) <0.001

1.54 (1.36-1.73) <0.001

1.51 (1.34-1.71) <0.001

1.77 (1.56-2.00) <0.001

1.79 (1.59-2.03) <0.001

1.95 (1.74-2.18) <0.001

2.09 (1.86-2.35) <0.001

1.54 (1.42-1.66) <0.001

1.65 (1.52-1.80) <0.001

1.34 (1.17-1.54) <0.001

1.45 (1.26-1.66) <0.001

45-54

2.42 (2.24-2.62) <0.001

2.54 (2.35-2.76) <0.001

1.92 (1.71-2.15) <0.001

1.82 (1.62-2.05) <0.001

2.02 (1.79-2.27) <0.001

2.07 (1.83-2.34) <0.001

2.79 (2.50-3.10) <0.001

3.15 (2.82-3.52) <0.001

1.91 (1.77-2.07) <0.001

2.10 (1.93-2.28) <0.001

1.50 (1.31-1.71) <0.001

1.61 (1.41-1.85) <0.001

35-44

3.76 (3.45-4.08) <0.001

3.76 (3.45-4.10) <0.001

2.41 (2.13-2.72) <0.001

2.34 (1.98-2.54) <0.001

2.34 (2.04-2.68) <0.001

2.40 (2.11-2.75) <0.001

4.83 (4.33-5.39) <0.001

5.34 (4.77-5.98) <0.001

2.74 (2.52-2.98) <0.001

2.97 (2.72-3.24) <0.001

1.95 (1.69-2.25) <0.001

1.94 (1.67-2.25) <0.001

25-34

5.28 (4.81-5.73) <0.001

5.02 (4.59-5.50) <0.001

2.05 (1.79-2.35) <0.001

2.03 (1.96-0.271) <0.001

2.55 (2.23-2.92) <0.001

2.53 (2.20-2.91) <0.001

8.34 (7.49-9.29) <0.001

8.28 (7.39-9.27) <0.001

3.94 (3.61-4.30) <0.001

4.10 (3.75-4.49) <0.001

2.02 (1.74-2.35) <0.001

1.96 (1.67-2.29) <0.001

16-24

6.89 (6.25-7.59) <0.001

7.10 (6.40-7.83) <0.001

2.10 (1.80-2.45) <0.001

2.30 (1.96-2.71) <0.001

2.90 (2.50-3.37) <0.001

2.99 (2.55-3.50) <0.001

9.74 (8.65-10.95) <0.001

10.36 (9.15-11.74) <0.001

4.67 (4.23-5.15) <0.001

5.19 (4.68-5.75) <0.001

2.23 (1.88-2.64) <0.001

2.44 (2.05-2.91) <0.001

Sex

            

Female

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Male

0.89 (0.84-0.93) <0.001

0.88 (0.84-0.93) <0.001

0.90 (0.84-0.98) 0.009

0.87 (0.80-0.94) <0.001

1.14 (1.05-1.23) 0.001

1.09 (1.01-1.18) 0.04

0.94 (0.88-0.99) 0.03

0.94 (0.88-1.00) 0.54

0.70 (0.67-0.74) <0.001

0.72 (0.68-0.76) <0.001

0.85 (0.78-0.93) <0.001

0.72 (0.68-0.76) <0.001

Occupation social grade

            

AB

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

C1

1.27 (1.19-1.36) <0.001

1.01 (0.95-1.08) 0.73

0.70 (0.64-0.77) <0.001

0.69 (0.63-0.76) <0.001

1.18 (1.07-1.31) 0.002

1.10 (0.99-1.22) 0.07

1.88 (1.71-2.06) <0.001

1.43 (1.30-1.58) <0.001

1.33 (1.25-1.43) <0.001

1.10 (1.03-1.18) 0.007

1.16 (1.03-1.30) 0.02

1.00 (0.88-1.12) 0.95

C2

1.29 (1.20-1.39) <0.001

1.13 (1.04 – 1.22) 0.002

0.41 (0.37-0.47) <0.001

0.43 (0.38-0.49) <0.001

1.45 (1.29-1.61) <0.001

1.36 (1.22-1.52) <0.001

3.28 (2.98-3.60) <0.001

2.63 (2.38-2.91) <0.001

1.43 (1.33-1.54) <0.001

1.27 (1.18-1.37) <0.001

1.23 (1.08-1.40) 0.002

1.08 (0.95-1.24) 0.23

D

1.84 (1.69-2.00) <0.001

1.52 (1.39-1.66) <0.001

0.43 (0.38-0.50) <0.001

0.46 (0.39-0.54) <0.001

1.36 (1.18-1.56) <0.001

1.29 (1.12-1.48) <0.001

5.33 (4.81-5.91) <0.001

3.95 (3.54-4.41) <0.001

1.88 (1.73-2.04) <0.001

1.58 (1.44-1.72) <0.001

1.63 (1.41-1.89) <0.001

1.33 (1.15-1.55) <0.001

E

2.09 (1.89-2.31) <0.001

1.98 (1.78 – 2.20) <0.001

0.54 (0.45-0.64) <0.001

0.65 (0.54-0.77) <0.001

1.64 (1.40-1.91) <0.001

1.74 (1.47-2.04) <0.001

4.69 (4.15-5.30) <0.001

4.23 (3.71-4.82) <0.001

1.73 (1.56-1.92) <0.001

1.65 (1.48-1.84) <0.001

1.78 (1.50-2.11) <0.001

1.53 (1.28-1.83) <0.001

Region

            

North

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Central

0.55 (0.51-0.58) <0.001

0.55 (0.51-0.59) <0.001

0.96 (0.86-1.08) <0.001

0.97 (0.86-1.09) 0.60

0.71 (0.64-0.78) <0.001

0.73 (0.66-0.82) <0.001

0.93 (0.86-1.01) 0.07

0.92 (0.85-1.00) 0.05

0.84 (0.78-0.89) <0.001

0.82 (0.76-0.88) <0.001

1.29 (1.14-1.46) <0.001

1.22 (1.07-1.38) 0.002

South

0.41 (0.38-0.43) <0.001

0.47 (0.43-0.50) <0.001

1.50 (1.34-1.66) <0.001

1.48 (1.33-1.65) <0.001

0.82 (0.74-0.91) <0.001

0.90 (0.82-1.00) 0.05

0.55 (0.51-0.60) <0.001

0.68 (0.62-0.75) <0.001

0.73 (0.69-0.79) <0.001

0.81 (0.76-0.87) <0.001

0.86 (0.76-0.98) 0.03

0.90 (0.78-1.02) 0.10

London

1.78 (1.61-1.90) <0.001

1.55 (1.42-1.69) <0.001

2.62 (2.30-2.99) <0.001

2.44 (2.14-2.79) <0.001

1.11(0.96-1.27) <0.001

1.08 (0.94-1.24) 0.28

1.27 (1.15-1.42) <0.001

1.09 (0.97-1.22) 0.14

1.26 (1.15-1.38) <0.001

1.11 (1.01-1.22) 0.04

2.83 (2.44-3.28) <0.001

2.43 (2.10-2.82) <0.001

AUDIT Score

            
 

0.98 (0.97-0.99) <0.001

0.96 (0.96-0.97) <0.001

1.02 (1.01-1.03) <0.001

1.01 (1.00-1.02) 0.11

1.02 (1.01-1.03) <0.001

1.00 (0.99-1.01) 0.33

0.95 (0.94-0.96) <0.001

0.94 (0.93-0.94) <0.001

0.96 (0.95-0.97) <0.001

0.95 (0.94-0.96) <0.001

0.90 (0.88-0.91) <0.001

0.90 (0.88-0.91) <0.001

  1. Would vote Conservative is the reference category. Bold indicates statistical significance