Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
aOR [95% CrI] | aOR [95% CrI] | aOR [95% CrI] | aOR [95% CrI] | ||
Fixed-effects | |||||
Individual level factors | |||||
Age (Years) | |||||
15-19 | 1[1,1] | 1[1,1] | |||
20-24 | 1.1**[1.1-1.9] | 1.1**[1.1-1.2] | |||
25-29 | 1.1*[1.10-1.8] | 1.1[0.7-1.8] | |||
30-34 | 1.3**[1.1-2.1] | 1.3*[1.1-1.7] | |||
35-39 | 1.4[0.9-2.3] | 1.3**[1.1-2.3] | |||
40-44 | 1.5[0.9-2.6] | 1.4***[1.4-1.5] | |||
45-49 | 1.5**[1.2-3.2] | 1.5***[1.2-2.1] | |||
Education | |||||
No education | 1[1,1] | 1[1,1] | |||
Primary | 1.1**[1.1-1.6] | 1.1*[1.1-1.2] | |||
Secondary | 1.1*[1.0-1.5] | 1.1[0.8-1.4] | |||
Higher | 1.6**[1.2-1.8] | 1.6**[1.2-2.0] | |||
Wealth quintile | |||||
Poorest | 1[1,1] | 1[1,1] | |||
Poorer | 1.2***[1.1-1.7] | 1.3*[1.2-1.4] | |||
Middle | 1.3*[1.2-2.1] | 1.5**[1.3-1.9] | |||
Richer | 1.1[0.7-1.7] | 1.2*[1.1-1.9] | |||
Richest | 0.8*[0.6-0.9] | 1.3**[1.2-1.7] | |||
Parity | |||||
1 | 1[1,1] | 1[1,1] | |||
2 | 0.7*[0.5-0.9] | 0.9[0.7-1.2] | |||
3 | 1.1**[1.0-1.2] | 1.11[0.7-1.8] | |||
4 | 0.3**[0.1-0.4] | 0.3[0.1-1.0] | |||
Currently pregnant | |||||
No or unsure | 1[1,1] | 1[1,1] | |||
Yes | 0.9[0.7-1.4] | 0.9[0.6-1.5] | |||
NHIS subscription | |||||
No | 1[1,1] | 1[1,1] | |||
Yes | 1.5***[1.2-1.8] | 1.5***[1.2-1.8] | |||
Seen/heard malaria message via media | |||||
No | 1[1,1] | 1[1,1] | |||
Yes | 0.9[0.8-1.2] | 0.9[0.7-1.3] | |||
Community level | |||||
Ethnicity | |||||
Akan | 1[1,1] | 1[1,1] | |||
Ga/dangme | 1.1[0.6-2.0] | 1.2[0.7-2.1] | |||
Ewe | 1.4[0.8-2.2] | 1.4[0.9-2.2] | |||
Guan | 1.2[0.6-2.4] | 1.2[0.5-2.5] | |||
Mole-dagbani | 0.8[0.6-1.30] | 0.8[0.6-1.3] | |||
Grusi | 0.9[0.5-1.7] | 0.9[0.5-1.7] | |||
Gurma | 0.8[0.5-1.4] | 0.9[0.5-1.6] | |||
Mande | 0.85[0.5-2.2] | 0.8[0.3-2.3] | |||
Other | 0.5*[0.3-0.8] | 0.5**[0.3-0.8] | |||
Sex of Family head | |||||
Male | 1[1,1] | 1[1,1] | |||
Female | 0.8[0.70-1.1] | 0.9[0.7-1.2] | |||
Residence | |||||
Urban | 1[1,1] | 1[1,1] | |||
Rural | 1.3[0.9-1.7] | 1.3***[1.2-2.1] | |||
Region level | |||||
Ecological zone | |||||
Coastal | 1[1,1] | 1[1,1] | |||
Middle | 2.0**[1.2-3.4] | 1.8**[1.1-3.0] | |||
Savanna | 2.8***[1.6-4.9] | 3.1***[1.7-5.8] | |||
Random-effects | |||||
Region level | |||||
Variance [95% CrI] | 0.3[0.1-0.5] | 0.5[0.2-0.7] | 0.3[0.1-0.6] | 0.4[0.2-0.7] | 0.7[0.3-0.9] |
VPC % [95% Crl] | 7.0[0.3-12.8] | 8.3 [2.9-10.3] | 7.5[0.3-13.6] | 2.3[0.6-4.8] | 2.0[0.9-4.2] |
MOR [95% CrI] | 1.6[1.10-2.0] | 1.7[1.3-1.8] | 1.7[1.1-2.0] | 1.3[1.1-1.5] | 1.3[1.2-1.5] |
Explained variation (%) | 1[1,1] | 19.2[17.8-21.2] | 32.3[16.9-41.2] | 69.2[65.4-72.9] | 73.1[69.2-78.7] |
Community level | |||||
Variance [95% CrI] | 0.2[0.1-0.3] | 0.2[0.1-0.3] | 0.1[0.1-0.3] | 0.2[0.1-0.3] | 0.19[0.1-0.3] |
VPC % [95% Crl] | 10.8[0.6-19.2] | 12.3[3.5-17.3] | 11.6[8.9-20.1] | 7.1[1.5-13.0] | 7.3[2.4-13.2] |
MOR [95% CrI] | 1.4[1.1-1.6] | 1.4[1.1-1.7] | 1.5[1.1-1.6] | 1.5[1.18-1.7] | 1.5[1.2-1.7] |
Explained variation (%) | 1[1,1] | 7.1[3.5-9.2] | 15.2[10.9-26.9] | 21.4[19.2-26.4] | 35.7[30.8-44.2] |
Sample Size | |||||
Region level | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Community level | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
Individual level | 2,560 | 2,560 | 2,560 | 2,560 | 2,560 |