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Table 3 Association of satisfaction with life and other variables in the nine countries

From: Satisfaction with life among university students from nine countries: Cross-national study during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic

 

Satisfaction with Life

Slovenia

(n = 209)

Czechia

(n = 308)

Germany

(n = 267)

Poland

(n = 301)

Ukraine

(n = 310)

Russia

(n = 285)

Turkey

(n = 310)

Israel

(n = 199)

Colombia

(n = 153)

Lower

Higher

Lower

Higher

Lower

Higher

Lower

Higher

Lower

Higher

Lower

Higher

Lower

Higher

Lower

Higher

Lower

Higher

Variable

n(%)

n(%)

n(%)

n(%)

n(%)

n(%)

n(%)

n(%)

n(%)

n(%)

n(%)

n(%)

n(%)

n(%)

n(%)

n(%)

n(%)

n(%)

Gender

χ2(1) = 0.85

χ2(1) = 1.82

χ2(1) = 7.17**

χ2(1) = 0.67

χ2(1) = 1.13

χ2(1) = 12.25***

χ2(1) = 0.07

χ2(1) = 0.00

χ2(1) = 0.05

Men

9(29)

22(71)

33(32)

71(68)

22(29)

53(71)

43(54)

37(46)

33(35)

60(65)

26(28)

66(72)

95(71)

38(29)

17(34)

33(66)

9(17)

43(83)

Women

67(38)

111(62)

50(25)

154(75)

29(15)

164(85)

107(48)

114(52)

91(42)

126(58)

96(50)

95(50)

126(73)

47(27)

50(34)

99(66)

19(19)

82(81)

Place of Residence

χ2(1) = 0.61

χ2(1) = 1.11

χ2(1) = 1.38

χ2(1) = 4.83*

χ2(1) = 2.13

χ2(1) = 3.30

χ2(1) = 0.09

χ2(1) = 3.95*

 

Village/Town

57(38)

93(62)

57(25)

167(75)

47(20)

183(80)

125(53)

110(47)

96(42)

130(58)

45(51)

43(49)

68(73)

25(27)

18(47)

20(53)

  

City

19(32)

40(68)

27(31)

59(69)

5(12)

35(88)

25(37)

41(62)

28(33)

56(67)

78(40)

119(60)

155(71)

62(29)

49(30)

112(70)

  

Level of Study

χ2(1) = 0.38

χ2(1) = 9.57**

χ2(1) = 1.25

χ2(1) = 7.52**

χ2(1) = 0.60

χ2(1) = 0.01

χ2(1) = 1.33

χ2(1) = 0.00

 

Bachelor

54(38)

89(62)

72(32)

154(68)

30(22)

107(78)

97(57)

74(43)

118(41)

173(59)

106(43)

139(57)

201(71)

82(29)

66(34)

130(66)

  

Master

22(33)

44(67)

12(14)

72(86)

22(17)

111(83)

53(41)

77(59)

6(32)

13(68)

17(43)

23(58)

22(81)

5(19)

1(33)

2(67)

  

Physical Activity

χ2(1) = 4.18*

χ2(1) = 3.51

χ2(1) = 1.56

χ2(1) = 2.71

χ2(1) = 4.40*

χ2(1) = 0.03

χ2(1) = 1.46

χ2(1) = 0.49

χ2(1) = 3.48

Sufficient

40(31)

89(69)

21(20)

82(80)

23(17)

116(83)

46(43)

60(57)

47(34)

93(66)

40(43)

54(57)

29(64)

16(36)

23(31)

52(69)

7(11)

56(89)

Insufficient

36(45)

44(55)

63(30)

144(70)

28(22)

101(78)

104(53)

91(47)

77(45)

93(55)

83(43)

108(57)

194(73)

71(27)

44(35)

80(65)

21(23)

71(77)

Exposure to COVID

χ2(1) = 17.42***

χ2(1) = 11.44***

χ2(1) = 5.65*

χ2(1) = 3.59

χ2(1) = 1.46

χ2(1) = 15.23***

χ2(1) = 10.57**

χ2(1) = 0.67

χ2(1) = 2.04

Lower

14(18)

63(82)

36(20)

145(80)

12(12)

89(88)

37(42)

52(58)

21(33)

42(67)

18(24)

57(76)

33(55)

27(45)

19(30)

45(70)

2(8)

23(92)

Higher

62(47)

70(53)

48(37)

81(63)

40(24)

129(76)

113(54)

98(46)

103(42)

144(58)

105(50)

105(50)

190(76)

60(24)

48(36)

87(64)

26(20)

104(80)

PNIC: Total

χ2(1) = 10.54**

χ2(1) = 0.74

χ2(1) = 15.29***

χ2(1) = 5.45*

χ2(1) = 1.57

χ2(1) = 1.80

χ2(1) = 7.50**

χ2(1) = 4.16*

χ2(1) = 1.17

Lower

34(27)

90(73)

46(25)

136(75)

19(12)

144(88)

30(38)

48(62)

53(36)

93(64)

60(39)

92(61)

44(59)

30(41)

32(28)

83(72)

4(12)

30(88)

Higher

42(49)

43(51)

38(30)

90(70)

33(31)

74(69)

120(54)

103(46)

71(43)

93(57)

63(47)

70(53)

179(76)

57(24)

35(42)

49(58)

24(20)

97(80)

PNIC: Qualifications

χ2(1) = 7.39**

χ2(1) = 0.06

χ2(1) = 15.55***

χ2(1) = 7.79**

χ2(1) = 3.76

χ2(1) = 0.26

χ2(1) = 1.96

χ2(1) = 2.55

χ2(1) = 0.50

Lower

28(27)

75(73)

46(28)

120(72)

14(10)

125(90)

26(36)

47(64)

41(33)

82(67)

54(42)

76(86)

71(67)

35(33)

27(28)

69(72)

11(21)

41(79)

Higher

48(45)

58(55)

38(26)

106(74)

38(29)

93(71)

124(54)

104(46)

83(44)

104(56)

69(45)

86(55)

152(75)

52(25)

40(39)

63(61)

17(17)

86(83)

PNIC: ES

χ2(1) = 11.24***

χ2(1) = 1.21

χ2(1) = 0.47

χ2(1) = 8.46**

χ2(1) = 0.81

χ2(1) = 4.36*

χ2(1) = 4.87*

χ2(1) = 0.24

χ2(1) = 3.61

Lower

24(24)

74(76)

35(24)

110(76)

30(18)

137(82)

31(36)

54(64)

45(37)

77(63)

34(35)

64(65)

75(65)

41(35)

25(32)

54(68)

4(9)

41(91)

Higher

52(47)

59(53)

49(30)

116(70)

22(21)

81(79)

119(55)

97(45)

79(42)

109(58)

89(48)

98(52)

148(76)

46(24)

42(35)

78(65)

24(22)

86(78)

PNIC: Relationships

χ2(1) = 5.26*

χ2(1) = 5.75*

χ2(1) = 1.59

χ2(1) = 6.75**

χ2(1) = 23.44

χ2(1) = 1.24

χ2(1) = 16.50***

χ2(1) = 0.24

χ2(1) = 1.07

Lower

35(30)

83(70)

37(22)

134(78)

20(16)

105(84)

35(38)

56(62)

52(35)

98(65)

64(40)

95(60)

18(45)

22(55)

32(32)

68(68)

3(11)

24(89)

Higher

41(45)

50(55)

47(34)

92(66)

32(22)

113(78)

115(55)

95(45)

72(45)

88(55)

59(47)

67(53)

205(76)

65(24)

35(35)

64(65)

25(20)

103(80)

GSRH-1 (Low)

χ2(1) = 12.58***

χ2(1) = 5.49*

χ2(1) = 14.40***

χ2(1) = 12.70***

χ2(1) = 5.09*

χ2(1) = 6.21*

χ2(1) = 6.04*

χ2(1) = 12.87***

χ2(1) = 6.39*

Better

62(33)

128(67)

76(26)

219(74)

35(15)

193(85)

131(47)

148(53)

116(39)

183(61)

93(40)

141(60)

183(69)

81(31)

59(31)

131(69)

22(16)

119(84)

Worst

14(74)

5(26)

8(53)

7(47)

17(40)

25(60)

19(86)

3(14)

8(73)

3(27)

30(59)

21(41)

40(87)

6(13)

8(89)

1(11)

6(43)

8(57)

GSRH-2 Comparative

χ2(1) = 6.03*

χ2(1) = 15.35***

χ2(1) = 5.19*

χ2(1) = 15.11***

χ2(1) = 1.08

χ2(1) = 11.60***

χ2(1) = 7.85**

χ2(1) = 5.79*

χ2(1) = 3.82

Better

60(33)

121(67)

66(24)

212(76)

35(16)

178(84)

118(45)

142(55)

117(39)

180(61)

83(38)

137(62)

186(69)

83(31)

55(31)

123(69)

21(16)

113(84)

Worst

16(57)

12(43)

18(56)

14(44)

17(30)

40(70)

32(78)

9(22)

7(54)

6(46)

40(62)

25(38)

37(90)

4(10)

12(57)

9(43)

7(33)

14(67)

  1. Note. PNIC = Perceived Negative Impact of Coronavirus on students’ well-being; ES = Economic Status; GSRH = General Self-Rated Health. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
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