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Table 2 Hazard ratios and confidence intervals for the variables included in the final multivariate Cox proportional hazard model by patient, healthcare and total delay

From: Delayed diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis - potential risk factors for patient and healthcare delays in Portugal

 

Patient delay (Final model)

Healthcare delay (Final model)

Total delay (Final model)

Variables

HR (95%CI)

p-value

HR (95%CI)

p-value

HR (95%CI)

p-value

Sex (Malea)

 Female

  

0.839 (0.804–0.875)

< 0.001

0.874 (0.837–0.913)

< 0.001

Age group (25–34 yearsa)

 0–4 years

1.681 (1.184–2.385)

0.004

0,807 (0.61–1.07)

0.136

1091 (0.769–1.549)

0.624

 5–14 years

1.087 (0.84–1.406)

0.527

1052 (0.831–1.332)

0.674

1.177 (0.909–1.523)

0.216

 15–24 years

1.107 (1.025–1.197)

0.01

1.118 (1.037–1.206)

0.004

1.219 (1.128–1.318)

< 0.001

 35–44 years

0.999 (0.938–1.063)

0.965

0.946 (0.89–1.005)

0.074

0,957 (0.9–1.018)

0.166

 45–54 years

0.94 (0.882–1.002)

0.059

0.896 (0.842–0.955)

0.001

0.881

(0.827–0.938)

< 0.001

 55–64 years

0.932 (0.866–1.003)

0.059

0.808 (0.753–0.868)

< 0.001

0.817 (0.76–0.879)

< 0.001

 > = 65 years

1.124 (1.049–1.204)

0.001

0.678 (0.634–0.725)

< 0.001

0.813 (0.76–0.87)

< 0.001

Country of origin (Portugala)

 Country of high TB incidence

0.858 (0.811–0.907)

< 0.001

  

0.893 (0.845–0.943)

< 0.001

 Country of low TB incidence

0.975 (0.784–1.213)

0.821

  

1.041 (0.838–1.293)

0.719

Comorbidities (Yes/Noa)

 Chronic renal failure

1.485 (1.19–1.852)

< 0.001

    

 Oncologic diseases

  

0.829 (0.754–0.911)

< 0.001

  

Inflammatory diseases

 Respiratory diseases

  

0.905 (0.833–0.984)

0.02

  

Diabetes

 HIV infection

1.188 (1.114–1.267)

< 0.001

  

1.219 (1.144–1.299)

< 0.001

Substance abuse (Yes/Noa)

 Alcohol abuse

0.91 (0.862–0.961)

0.001

1.197 (1.134–1.264)

< 0.001

  

Drug abuse

Homeless (Yes/Noa)

 Community residence (Yes/Noa)

  

1.239 (1.11–1.38)

< 0.001

1.161 (1.039–1.298)

0.008

 Unemployment (Yes/Noa)

0.938 (0.888–0.991)

0.022

1.077

(1.021–1.135)

0.006

  

 Health professional (Yes/Noa)

1.124 (1.015–1.246)

0.025

  

1.126 (1.018–1.246)

0.022

  1. aReference category, HR Hazards ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. HR > 1 indicate a higher risk of having the event per unit of time, i.e., a shorter time until approaching the healthcare services (patient delay) or diagnosis (healthcare and total delay)