Influence of contextual socioeconomic position on hypertension risk in low- and middle-income countries: disentangling context from composition

Table 2 Summary of pooled sample characteristics of the Demographic and Health Surveys data in low- and middle-income countries, 2011 to 2018

			Normotensive	Hypertensive
	Number	Percentage	Percentage	Percentage
			%	%	p-value
Sex					0.000
Male	143,171	16.11	78.75	21.25
Female	745,754	83.89	83.16	16.84
Education					0.000
No education	216,545	24.41	80.37	19.63
Primary	130,884	14.75	79.00	21.00
Secondary+	539,716	60.84	84.12	15.88
Wealth					0.000
Poorer	287,855	33.33	85.88	14.12
Middle	287,852	33.33	82.74	17.26
Richer	287,853	33.33	79.55	20.45
Marital status					0.000
Never married	222,530	25.87	92.32	7.68
Currently married	603,679	70.17	79.83	20.17
Previously married	34,129	3.97	74.66	25.34
BMI					0.000
Underweight	178,086	20.42	90.46	9.54
Normal weight	518,977	59.49	84.97	15.03
Overweight	131,873	15.12	70.01	29.99
Obese	43,372	4.97	57.45	42.55
Access to media					0.000
0	202,765	22.81	85.45	14.55
1	325,536	36.62	82.01	17.99
2	305,967	34.42	81.71	18.29
3	54,657	6.15	77.96	22.04
Indoor air pollution					0.000
Low	444,874	50.05	80.92	19.08
High	444,049	49.95	83.98	16.02
Have any health insurance					0.000
No	754,999	84.93	82.80	17.20
Yes	133,926	15.07	81.30	18.70
Problem getting money needed for treatment					0.000
No	534,161	73.65	83.60	16.40
Yes	191,145	26.35	82.82	17.18
Cigarette smoking					0.000
No	821,951	97.09	83.10	16.90
Yes	24,669	2.91	76.92	23.08
Neighbourhood disadvantage					0.000
Least	296,341	33.34	79.47	20.53
Moderate	296,308	33.33	82.06	17.94
Higher	296,276	33.33	85.81	14.19
Human development index					0.000
Low	396,577	44.61	82.08	17.92
Moderate	442,012	49.72	83.62	16.38
High	50,336	5.66	74.96	25.04

ISSN: 1471-2458