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Table 5 Wajir estimated intent-to-treat effects at two-year follow-up, by study arm

From: Impacts of two-year multisectoral cash plus programs on young adolescent girls’ education, health and economic outcomes: Adolescent Girls Initiative-Kenya (AGI-K) randomized trial

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

V-Only two-year follow-up

Mean

VE

Estimate

VEH

Estimate

VEHW

Estimate

VEH vs

VE

(3)–(2)

VEHW vs

VE

(4)–(2)

VEHW vs

VEH

(4)–(3)

Violence Prevention

 Experienced violence by a male in the past year (=1) [n = 1878]

0.038

−0.006

0.015

− 0.022

0.021

−0.017

− 0.037*

95% CI

 

[−0.04, 0.03]

[−0.02, 0.05]

[− 0.05, 0.01]

[− 0.02, 0.06]

[− 0.05, 0.01]

[− 0.07, − 0.01]

 Gender equitable attitudes z-scorea [n = 1903]

0.000

−0.171

− 0.208*

− 0.018

− 0.037

0.153

0.190†

95% CI

 

[−0.39, 0.05]

[−0.39, − 0.02]

[− 0.26, 0.22]

[− 0.23, 0.15]

[− 0.09, 0.39]

[− 0.02, 0.40]

 Positive gender schooling attitudes z-score [n = 1878]

0.160

0.156*

0.099

0.068

−0.057

−0.088

− 0.031

95% CI

 

[0.00, 0.31]

[−0.05, 0.25]

[− 0.08, 0.21]

[− 0.22, 0.10]

[− 0.23, 0.06]

[− 0.18, 0.12]

Education

 Grade attainment

4.492

0.259**

0.194*

0.181*

−0.065

− 0.079

− 0.013

95% CI

 

[0.10, 0.42]

[0.02, 0.36]

[0.01, 0.35]

[−0.23, 0.10]

[− 0.24, 0.09]

[− 0.19, 0.17]

 Primary school complete (=1)

0.130

0.010

0.021

−0.029

0.011

−0.039

− 0.050

95% CI

 

[−0.05, 0.07]

[−0.05, 0.09]

[− 0.08, 0.03]

[− 0.06, 0.08]

[− 0.10, 0.02]

[− 0.11, 0.01]

 Enrolled in current school year (=1)

0.808

0.144***

0.070*

0.084**

−0.074*

−0.060*

0.014

95% CI

 

[0.09, 0.20]

[0.01, 0.13]

[0.02, 0.14]

[−0.13, − 0.02]

[− 0.11, − 0.01]

[−0.05, 0.08]

Health

 Knows most fertile period during menstrual cycle (=1) [n = 1878]

0.049

−0.031†

−0.021

− 0.013

0.010

0.018

0.008

95% CI

 

[−0.06, 0.00]

[−0.05, 0.01]

[− 0.04, 0.02]

[− 0.01, 0.03]

[−0.01, 0.04]

[− 0.01, 0.03]

 Knows method of modern contraceptiona (=1) [n = 1848]

0.390

−0.097†

− 0.103*

− 0.096†

− 0.007

0.001

0.007

95% CI

 

[−0.21, 0.02]

[−0.19, − 0.01]

[−0.20, 0.01]

[− 0.10, 0.09]

[− 0.11, 0.11]

[−0.08, 0.10]

 SRH knowledge z-scorea,b [n = 1400]

0.000

0.344*

0.433**

0.234†

0.090

−0.110

−0.199

95% CI

 

[0.08, 0.60]

[0.17, 0.70]

[−0.03, 0.50]

[−0.17, 0.35]

[− 0.37, 0.15]

[− 0.47, 0.07]

 General self-efficacy z-score [n = 1878]

0.990

− 0.054

−0.014

− 0.030

0.040

0.024

−0.016

95% CI

 

[−0.25, 0.14]

[−0.22, 0.19]

[− 0.22, 0.16]

[− 0.17, 0.25]

[−0.17, 0.21]

[− 0.21, 0.18]

Wealth creation

 Financial literacy z-score [n = 1878]

0.439

−0.069

0.030

0.185

0.099

0.254*

0.155

95% CI

 

[−0.31, 0.17]

[−0.19, 0.25]

[− 0.06, 0.43]

[− 0.08, 0.28]

[0.04, 0.46]

[− 0.04, 0.35]

 Saved money in the past 6 months (=1) [n = 1878]

0.011

0.030

0.047*

0.409***

0.017

0.379***

0.362***

95% CI

 

[−0.01, 0.07]

[0.01, 0.09]

[0.31, 0.51]

[−0.03, 0.06]

[0.27, 0.48]

[0.26, 0.47]

Household-level outcomes

 Expects girl to complete secondary school (=1) [n = 2007]

0.861

0.058*

0.050†

0.043

−0.008

−0.015

−0.007

95% CI

 

[0.01, 0.10]

[0.00, 0.10]

[−0.01, 0.10]

[−0.05, 0.04]

[− 0.06, 0.03]

[− 0.06, 0.05]

 Household wealth quintile [n = 2011]

3.226

− 0.434*

−0.247

− 0.211

0.188

0.223

0.035

95% CI

 

[−0.83, − 0.04]

[− 0.64, 0.14]

[−0.54, 0.12]

[− 0.25, 0.62]

[− 0.16, 0.60]

[−0.34, 0.41]

Summary index z-scores

Violence prevention outcomes summary index z-scorec [n = 1878]

0.000

0.030

−0.101

0.104

−0.131†

0.073

0.205**

95% CI

 

[−0.15, 0.21]

[−0.29, 0.08]

[− 0.07, 0.27]

[− 0.29, 0.02]

[−0.06, 0.21]

[0.06, 0.35]

Education outcomes summary index z-score

0.000

0.302***

0.189*

0.122

−0.114

−0.180*

− 0.067

95% CI

 

[0.16, 0.44]

[0.02, 0.36]

[−0.03, 0.27]

[−0.29, 0.07]

[− 0.33, − 0.03]

[−0.25, 0.12]

Health outcomes summary index z-score [n = 1878]

0.000

−0.026

0.066

−0.014

0.092

0.012

−0.080

95% CI

 

[−0.22, 0.17]

[−0.13, 0.26]

[− 0.22, 0.19]

[− 0.06, 0.24]

[−0.15, 0.17]

[− 0.24, 0.08]

Wealth creation outcomes summary index z-score [n = 1878]

0.000

0.167

0.349*

2.852***

0.182

2.686***

2.504***

95% CI

 

[−0.14, 0.47]

[0.03, 0.66]

[2.14, 3.56]

[−0.15, 0.51]

[1.97, 3.40]

[1.79, 3.22]

  1. The table reports two-year follow-up means for V-only in column 1, the OLS estimated ITT effect for each study arm relative to V-only in columns 2–4 and differences in the estimated ITT effects across study arms in columns 5–7. For binary outcomes (=1) these are linear probability models. Column 5 compares the estimates for VEH to VE, column 6 compares VEHW to VE, and column 7 compares VEHW to VEH. For example, the estimate in column 7 for ‘Experienced violence by a male in the past year’ (−0.037) is the difference between the estimate for VEHW (− 0.022) in column 4 and the estimate for VEH (0.015) in column 3. Minor differences in the reported differentials compared to the estimates presented in columns 2–4 are due to rounding. Numbers in square brackets indicate 95% confidence intervals. Regressions were estimated with standard errors clustered at the village level and included controls for 2009 district per the stratified randomization, age and the outcome measured at baseline unless otherwise noted. N = 1909; sample is smaller for some individual outcomes due to missing data as indicated
  2. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, † p < 0.1
  3. a No baseline control for outcome variable available
  4. b Non-response for one or more items on the scale ranged from 24 to 30% across study arms and was higher for younger girls
  5. c Violence prevention variable is reverse coded prior to inclusion in summary variable