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Table 2 Median regression of HS participation on food expenditure in LCFS (years 2010–2017, n = 4870)

From: Is the healthy start scheme associated with increased food expenditure in low-income families with young children in the United Kingdom?

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Coef.

(95% CI)

Coef.

(95% CI)

Coef.

(95% CI)

FV expenditure (£/week)

HS Participants

−0.89*

(−1.67,-0.10)

−0.25

(− 0.80,0.29)

0.37

(− 0.37,1.11)

HS Non-participants

Nearly Eligible

1.56**

(0.49,2.63)

1.40**

(0.49,2.31)

1.14*

(0.18,2.09)

Ineligible

4.56***

(3.88,5.23)

3.55***

(2.91,4.18)

2.22***

(1.57,2.86)

HS food expenditure (£/week)

HS Participants

−1.14*

(−2.27,-0.00)

−0.64

(−1.48,0.20)

−0.07

(−0.85,0.71)

HS Non-participants

Nearly Eligible

2.05**

(0.81,3.29)

1.96***

(0.84,3.09)

1.60***

(0.79,2.41)

Ineligible

5.11***

(4.26,5.97)

3.69***

(2.86,4.51)

2.56***

(1.77,3.35)

Infant formula expenditure (£/week) a

HS Participants

−3.07***

(−4.80,-1.35)

−2.73**

(− 4.51,-0.94)

− 1.82**

(− 3.12,-0.51)

HS Non-participants

Nearly Eligible

−0.53

(−1.76,0.70)

− 0.61

(− 1.95,0.73)

− 0.54

(− 1.91,0.83)

Ineligible

− 0.44

(− 1.49,0.61)

− 0.35

(− 1.52,0.82)

−0.83

(−2.04,0.38)

Total food expenditure (£/week)

HS Participants

−0.31

(−5.99,5.37)

−4.11

(−9.46,1.25)

−1.39

(−5.72,2.95)

HS Non-participants

Nearly Eligible

4.52

(−0.02,9.06)

1.61

(−3.97,7.19)

2.65

(−2.19,7.48)

Ineligible

21.85***

(17.58,26.13)

13.43***

(8.69,18.18)

7.30***

(3.06,11.53)

Cow’s milk expenditure (£/week)

HS Participants

−0.24

(− 0.53,0.04)

− 0.25

(− 0.53,0.02)

− 0.17

(− 0.43,0.09)

HS Non-participants

Nearly Eligible

−0.2

(−0.49,0.08)

− 0.15

(− 0.35,0.06)

−0.21

(− 0.46,0.03)

Ineligible

0.14

(−0.11,0.39)

−0.02

(− 0.22,0.18)

−0.18

(− 0.41,0.05)

  1. LCFS Living Costs and Food Survey, CI Confidence interval, FV Fruit and Vegetables, HS Healthy Start, HRP Household Reference Person
  2. Boldface indicates statistical significance *P < 0.05 **P < 0.01 ***P < 0.001
  3. Model 1 – Adjusted for year + quarter
  4. Model 2 – Adjusted for Model 1, household size, number of children < 1 year, 0–3 years + age of HRP
  5. Model 3 – Adjusted for Model 2, region, ethnicity, social class and education of HRP
  6. aSample of households with children < 1 years (n = 1260)