Table 3 Influencing factors for the cognitive ability of children aged 10–15 years
Variables | Mathematics test scores a | χ2 | P value | Vocabulary test scores a | χ2 | P value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 [0–8] n (%) | Q2 [9–11] n (%) | Q3 [12–14] n (%) | Q4 [15–24] n (%) | Q1 [0–17] n (%) | Q2 [18–22] n (%) | Q3 [23–26] n (%) | Q4 [27–34] n (%) | |||||
n | 536 | 476 | 536 | 481 | 486 | 504 | 462 | 577 | ||||
Gender | ||||||||||||
Girl | 271 (50.6) | 226 (47.5) | 270 (50.4) | 234 (48.6) | 1.299 | 0.729 | 208 (42.8) | 237 (47.0) | 233 (50.4) | 323 (56.0) | 19.798 | < 0.001 |
Boy | 265 (49.4) | 250 (52.5) | 266 (49.6) | 247 (51.4) | 278 (57.2) | 267 (53.0) | 229 (49.6) | 254 (44.0) | ||||
Age | ||||||||||||
10 | 224 (41.8) | 106 (22.3) | 9 (1.7) | 3 (0.6) | 1.4e+ 03 | < 0.001 | 180 (37.0) | 97 (19.3) | 43 (9.3) | 22 (3.8) | 485.985 | < 0.001 |
11 | 147 (27.4) | 161 (33.8) | 36 (6.7) | 4 (0.8) | 125 (25.7) | 107 (21.2) | 76 (16.5) | 40 (6.9) | ||||
12 | 87 (16.2) | 115 (24.2) | 100 (18.7) | 23 (4.8) | 80 (16.5) | 98 (19.4) | 78 (16.9) | 69 (12.0) | ||||
13 | 46 (8.6) | 60 (12.6) | 161 (30.0) | 53 (11.0) | 49 (10.1) | 77 (15.3) | 87 (18.8) | 107 (18.5) | ||||
14 | 18 (3.4) | 22 (4.6) | 144 (26.9) | 150 (31.2) | 22 (4.5) | 66 (13.1) | 99 (21.4) | 147 (25.5) | ||||
15 | 14 (2.6) | 12 (2.5) | 86 (16.0) | 248 (51.6) | 30 (6.2) | 59 (11.7) | 79 (17.1) | 192 (33.3) | ||||
Nationality | ||||||||||||
Minority nationality | 439 (81.9) | 412 (86.6) | 495 (92.4) | 448 (93.1) | 42.395 | < 0.001 | 104 (21.4) | 65 (12.9) | 36 (7.8) | 30 (5.2) | 76.023 | < 0.001 |
Han nationality | 97(18.1) | 64(13.4) | 41(7.6) | 33 (6.9) | 382 (78.6) | 439 (87.1) | 426 (92.2) | 547 (94.8) | ||||
Household registration | ||||||||||||
Countryside | 386 (72.0) | 277 (58.2) | 313 (58.4) | 252 (52.4) | 45.037 | < 0.001 | 340 (70.0) | 327 (64.9) | 272 (58.9) | 289 (50.1) | 48.945 | < 0.001 |
Urban | 150 (28.0) | 199 (41.8) | 223 (41.6) | 229 (47.6) | 146 (30.0) | 177 (35.1) | 190 (41.1) | 288 (49.9) | ||||
School | ||||||||||||
Common school | 525 (98.0) | 466 (97.9) | 505 (94.2) | 444 (92.3) | 27.921 | < 0.001 | 476 (97.9) | 495 (98.2) | 447 (96.8) | 522 (90.5) | 52.271 | < 0.001 |
Key school | 11 (2.0) | 10 (2.1) | 31 (5.8) | 37 (7.7) | 10 (2.1) | 9 (1.8) | 15 (3.2) | 55 (9.5) | ||||
Family learning environment | ||||||||||||
Bad | 79 (40.5) | 36 (18.5) | 58 (29.7) | 22 (11.3) | 56.343 | < 0.001 | 68 (34.9) | 50 (25.6) | 49 (25.1) | 28 (14.4) | 61.321 | < 0.001 |
Neutrality | 261 (29.8) | 203 (23.2) | 221 (25.2) | 192 (21.9) | 240 (27.4) | 238 (27.1) | 176 (20.1) | 223 (25.4) | ||||
Good | 196 (20.5) | 237 (24.8) | 257 (26.9) | 267 (27.9) | 178 (18.6) | 216 (22.6) | 237 (24.8) | 326 (34.1) | ||||
Father education level | ||||||||||||
Low | 309 (57.7) | 211 (44.3) | 244 (45.5) | 171 (35.5) | 90.999 | < 0.001 | 286 (58.9) | 246(48.8) | 207 (44.8) | 196 (34.0) | 116.108 | < 0.001 |
Medium | 211 (44.3) | 237 (49.8) | 260 (48.5) | 265 (55.1) | 186 (38.3) | 240(47.6) | 227 (49.1) | 320 (55.5) | ||||
High | 16 (3.0) | 28 (5.9) | 32 (6.0) | 45 (9.4) | 14 (2.9) | 18(3.6) | 28 (6.1) | 61 (10.6) | ||||
Mother education level | ||||||||||||
Low | 405 (75.6) | 276 (58.0) | 305 (56.9) | 259 (53.8) | 119.648 | < 0.001 | 361 (74.3) | 337 (66.9) | 271 (58.7) | 276 (47.8) | 156.641 | < 0.001 |
Medium | 116 (21.6) | 181 (38.0) | 209 (39.0) | 187 (38.9) | 116 (23.9) | 155 (30.8) | 170 (36.8) | 252 (43.7) | ||||
High | 15 (2.8) | 19 (4.0) | 22 (4.1) | 35 (7.3) | 9 (1.9) | 12 (2.4) | 21 (4.6) | 49 (8.5) | ||||
Annual household income (per person) | ||||||||||||
< 3500RMB | 244 (45.5) | 143 (30.0) | 155 (32.6) | 122 (25.4) | 67.300 | < 0.001 | 208 (42.8) | 182 (36.1) | 145 (31.4) | 145 (25.1) | 55.669 | < 0.001 |
3500 7000 RMB | 167 (31.2) | 178 (37.4) | 190 (35.5) | 153 (31.8) | 163 (33.5) | 176 (34.9) | 158 (34.2) | 191 (33.1) | ||||
> 7000 RMB | 125 (23.3) | 155 (32.6) | 175 (32.7) | 206 (42.8) | 115 (23.7) | 146 (29.0) | 159 (34.4) | 241 (41.8) | ||||
Family size | ||||||||||||
3 – 6 | 455 (84.9) | 425 (89.3) | 487 (90.9) | 455 (94.6) | 26.978 | < 0.001 | 412 (84.8) | 445 (88.3) | 423 (91.6) | 542 (93.9) | 26.975 | < 0.001 |
7 –14 | 81 (15.1) | 51 (10.7) | 49 (9.1) | 26 (5.4) | 74 (15.2) | 59 (11.7) | 39 (8.4) | 35 (6.1) | ||||