Table 1 Food security status of the sample using single-item and 18-item measures in relation to the demographic attributes and socioeconomic factors
From: Prevalence and risk factors of food insecurity among Libyan migrant families in Australia
Factors | Total N (%) | Food insecurity measure % | Single item p-value | 18-item p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FI, single item | FI, 18-item | ||||
N (%) or mean (SD) | N (%) or mean (SD) | ||||
Socio-demographic attributes | |||||
Age, Mean (SD) | 38.2 (6.9) | 38.6 (5.8) | 38.7 (6.6) | 0.648 | 0.041 |
Age in categories | |||||
 20–29 years | 37 (13.7) | 3 (8.10) | 21 (10.7) |  |  |
 30–39 years | 113 (40.2) | 15 (40.5) | 77 (39.3) | 0.241 | 0.010 |
 40–49 years | 109 (41.7) | 19 (51.4) | 90 (45.9) |  |  |
 50 years and above | 12 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (4.1) |  |  |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | 0.615 | 0.200 |
 Male | 107 (39.5) | 16 (43.2) | 82 (41.8) |  |  |
 Female | 164 (60.5) | 21 (56.8) | 114 (58.2) |  |  |
Length of stay, Mean (SD) | 8.8 (2.7) | 9.03 (2.9) | 8.45 (3.0) | 0.532 | 0.247 |
 1–5 years | 32 (11.9) | 3 (8.1) | 20 (10.2) |  |  |
 6–10 years | 203 (75.2) | 30 (81.1) | 150 (76.5) | 0.651 | 0.394 |
 11–15 years | 35 (13.0) | 4 (10.8) | 26 (13.3) |  |  |
Citizenship/visa type | Â | Â | Â | 0.463 | 0.129 |
 Australian citizen | 181 (66.8) | 26 (70.3) | 132 (67.3) | ||
 Permanent residence | 68 (25.1) | 10 (27.0) | 52 (26.5) | ||
 Temporary visa | 22 (8.1) | 1 (2.7) | 12 (6.1) | ||
English language proficiency | Â | Â | Â | 0.916 | 0.524 |
 Low level | 56 (20.7) | 7 (18.9) | 38 (19.4) | ||
 Intermediate level | 77 (28.4) | 10 (27.0) | 59 (30.1) | ||
 High level | 138 (50.9) | 20 (54.1) | 99 (50.5) | ||
State of residence | Â | Â | Â | 0.463 | 0.113 |
 NSW | 150 (55.4) | 24 (64.9) | 102 (52) | ||
 Vic | 58 (21.4) | 7 (18.9) | 46 (23.5) | ||
 Qld | 29 (10.7) | 4 (10.8) | 25 (12.8) | ||
Others | 34 (12.5) | 2 (5.4) | 23 (11.7) | ||
Education | Â | Â | Â | 0.182 | 0.416 |
 Vocational, high school or less | 45 (16.6) | 10 (27.0) | 36 (18.4) | ||
 Undergraduate University | 71 (26.2) | 9 (24.3) | 49 (25.0) | ||
 Postgraduate University | 155 (57.2) | 18 (48.6) | 111 (56.6) | ||
Household structure | Â | Â | Â | 0.006 | 0.781 |
 Living with spouse | 236 (87.1) | 27 (73.0) | 170 (86.7) | ||
 Living with others | 35 (12.9) | 10 (27.0) | 26 (13.3) | ||
Number of family members, Mean (SD) | 5 (1.6) | 4.6 (2.0) | 5.2 (1.7) | 0.123 | 0.004 |
 2–5 people | 154 (56.8) | 25 (67.6) | 99 (50.5) |  |  |
 6–10 people | 117 (43.2) | 12 (32.4) | 97 (49.5) | 0.156 | 0.001 |
Number of children in families, Mean (SD) | 2.9 (1.6) | 3.05 (2.0) | 3.17 (1.5) | 0.612 | 0.000 |
 0 | 35 (12.9) | 6 (16.2) | 19 (9.7) |  |  |
 1–2 | 56 (20.7) | 8 (21.6) | 37 (18.9) |  |  |
 3–4 | 145 (53.5) | 14 (37.8) | 109 (55.6) | 0.830 | 0.007 |
 5 or more | 35 (12.9) | 9 (24.3) | 31 (15.8) |  |  |
Socio-economic attributes | |||||
Employment status | Â | Â | Â | 0.430 | 0.988 |
 Yes | 101 (37.4) | 16 (43.2) | 73 (37.4) | ||
 No | 169 (62.6) | 21 (56.8) | 122 (62.6) | ||
Annual income | Â | Â | Â | 0.003 | 0.052 |
 <AUD40,000 | 139 (64.4) | 31 (86.1) | 112 (67.9) | ||
 ≥AUD40,000 | 77 (35.6) | 5 (13.9) | 53 (32.1) | ||
Occupation statusa | Â | Â | Â | 0.845 | 0.969 |
 Managerial, professionals or skilled | 55 (21.1) | 8 (22.2) | 40 (21.1) | ||
 Unskilled, pensioner or unemployed | 207 (79) | 28 (77.8) | 150 (78.9) | ||
Private health insurance | Â | Â | Â | 0.245 | 0.985 |
 Yes | 54 (19.9) | 10 (27.0) | 39 (19.9) | ||
 No | 217 (80.1) | 27 (73.0) | 157 (80.1) | ||
Housing arrangements | Â | Â | Â | 0.077 | 0.782 |
 Renting | 260 (95.9) | 33 (89.2) | 189 (96.4) | ||
 Paying-off mortgage | 5 (1.8) | 2 (5.4) | 3 (1.5) | ||
 Outright owner or fully-owned | 6 (2.2) | 2 (5.4) | 4 (2.0) | ||
IRSADb | Â | Â | Â | 0.889 | 0.395 |
 1–2 | 31 (11.6) | 3 (8.3) | 19 (9.7) | ||
 3–4 | 56 (21.0) | 8 (22.2) | 40 (20.5) | ||
 5–6 | 40 (15.0) | 4 (11.1) | 33 (16.9) | ||
 7–8 | 102 (38.2) | 15 (41.7) | 75 (38.5) | ||
 9–10 | 38 (14.2) | 6 (16.7) | 28 (14.4) | ||