Table 1 Overall characteristics of included articles, 2020
Authors | Year | Region | Samples | Heavy metal concentration | Risk of bias | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bahiru et al | 2019 | Oromia | Vegetable | The concentration of Cr, Cd and Pb in vegetable ranged from 2.90–3.77, 2.20–3.68 and 4.60–5.50 mg/kg, respectively. | Low | [20] |
Gebeyehu and Bayissa | 2020 | Oromia | Vegetable | The concentration of As, Pb, Cd, Cr and Hg in vegetable ranged from 1.93–5.73, 3.63–7.56, 0.56–1.56, 1.49–4.63 and 3.43–4.23 mg/kg, respectively. | Low | [21] |
Gezahegn et al | 2017 | In and around Addis Ababa | Leaf vegetables | The concentration of Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, As and Pb in leaf vegetables ranged from 10.9–219.3, 1.5–11.6, 0.7–11.6, 0.3–0.47, 40.8–193.6, 0.26–868.5, 1.7–8.8, 0.09–1.40 and 0.5–12.3 mg/kg, respectively. | Low | [37] |
Marga | 2016 | Oromia | Fruit and vegetables | The concentration of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Co and Ni in fruit and vegetables ranged from 0.14–0.31, ND-0.07, 1.29–6.44, 1.02–17.68, 0.08–1.54 and 0.39–2.20 mg/kg, respectively. | Low | [22] |
Bahiru and Teju | 2019 | Oromia | Vegetable | The concentration of Fe, Zn and Cu ranged from 358.17–547.17, 45.63–62.46, and 10.20–15.07 mg/kg, respectively. | Low | [23] |
Alamnie et al | 2020 | Harari | Green Leafy Vegetable | The mean concentration of Pb, Cd and Cr in vegetable were 0.17, 0.62 and 1.78 mg/kg, respectively. | Low | [36] |
Haile et al | 2018 | Ethiopia (unspecified) | Wild edible plants (fruit) | The concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr in wild edible plants (fruit) were 4.57, 2.37, 0.93, 2.02, and 2.47 mg/kg, respectively. | Low | [39] |
Babuskin et al | 2020 | SNNP | Fruit | The concentration of Zn, Cd, Cu, Co, Pb, Cr, Ni and Mn in fruit ranged from 1.3–6.3, ND-0.001, 0.44–6.2, 0.02–0.31, ND-0.008, ND-0.09, 0.12–8.8, 1.3–31 mg/kg, respectively. | Low | [33] |
Adefa and Tefera | 2020 | Amhara | Moringa oleifera | The concentration of Cr, Cu and Zn in moringa oleifera was 6.675, 7.9 and 42.75 mg/kg respectively. Pb and Cd were below the detection limit. | Low | [26] |
Shitahun and Tessema | 2020 | Amhara | Barley | The concentration of Zn, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu, Cr, Co, Pb, and Cd in barley ranged from 33.7 to 76.7, 15.7 to 106, 3.78 to 27.6, 8.83 to 13.7, 5.83 to 10.5, 4.33 to 6.11, 3.38 to 5.83, 1.44 to 2.33, and 0.98 to 1.55 mg/kg, respectively. | Low | [27] |
Abebe, et al | 2017 | Addis Ababa | Popcorn and cornflakes | The concentration of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn and Pb in the popcorn was 0.68, 6.17, 9.5, 1.41, 0.09, 88.3 and 0.94, respectively. The concentration of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, and Pb in cornflakes was 0.30, 3.0, 5.5, 0.32, 0.30, 40.7 and 0.36 mg/kg, respectively. Cd and Ni were not ND. | Low | [35] |
Gebrekidan & Desta | 2019 | Tigray | Sesame seeds | The concentration of Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb in sesame seeds ranged from 35.5–43.1, 58.1–67.0, 15.3–21.3, 0.202–0.262, and 0.08–0.114 mg/kg, respectively. | Low | [30] |
Abebe and Chandravanshi | 2017 | Amhara | Raw seeds and roasted seeds and bread | The concentration of Cr ranged from 0.17–1.58, 0.18–1.72 and 0.18–1.65; Mn from 1.04–3.98, 1.09–4.60 and 0.52–2.83; Fe from 18.0–115, 16.5–103, and 45.3–146; Co from 0.41–0.49, 0.50–0.76, and 0.34–0.75; Cu from 0.04–0.32, 0.04–2.72, and 0.05–3.12; Zn from 61.7–77.6, 59.2–83.0, and 108–116; Pb from 0.31–2.59, 0.82–3.11, 1.55–3.41 mg/kg for raw seed, roasted seed, and bread, respectively. | Low | [28] |
Gebrelibanos et al | 2016 | Oromia | Edible Mushroom | The following concentration (mg/kg)of heavy metals was reported in edible mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus); Cu (51.19), Fe (220.87), Zn (89.68) and Mn (47.55 mg/kg). The following concentration (mg/kg) of heavy metals was reported in edible mushroom (Pleurotus florida): Cu (53.56), Fe (243.92), Zn (95.26) and Mn (41.29 mg/kg). Cd and Pb were not detected. | Low | [24] |
Kindie et al | 2020 | Amhara | Fish | The concentration (mg/kg) of As, Cd, Cr, Zn, and Fe in the muscle ranged from ND- 0.98, ND-0.19, 0.08–2.83, 6.53–627.08, and 14.23–164.77 mg/kg, respectively. Lead was not detected. The concentration (mg/kg) of As, Cd, Cr, Zn and Fe in the liver ranged from 1.58–4.94, 0.7–1.63, 2.65–6.12, 1.95–4.5, 227.38–769.67, and 997.0–6935.0 mg/kg, respectively. | Low | [29] |
Gure et al | 2019 | Oromia | Fish | The concentration of Cr, Pd, Cd, Cu, and Co in fish tissue was 11.1, 7.57, 0.65, 7.7, and 4.1 mg/kg, respectively. | Low | [25] |
Akele et al. | 2017 | Amhara | Milk | The concentration of Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in milk ranged from 0.468–0.828, 1.614–2.806, 0.840–1.532, 1.208–5.267, ND-0.330, and ND-0.186 mg/L, respectively. | Low | [40] |
Haftu & Sathishkumar | 2020 | Tigray | Drinking Water | The concentration of Cd in drinking water ranged from 0.00125–0.011, Pb from 0.008–1.10, Cu from 0.515–3.515, Zn from 0.785–5.32, Cr from 0.015–0.15, Fe from 0.11–1.3, and Ni from 0.017–0.455 mg/L | Low | [31] |
Desalegn et al | 2018 | SNNP | Drinking Water | The concentration of Cr in drinking water ranged from 0.004–0.006 mg/L. While Cr and Zn accounted 0.0036 and 0.599 mg/L, respectively. Cu, Pb, and Cd were not detected in drinking water. | Low | [34] |
Ododo | 2019 | Tigray | Drinking Water | The concentration of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn was 0.006, 0.015, 0.008, 0.013, 0.243, 0.228, 0.022, 0.007 and 0.492 mg/L, respectively. | Low | [32] |
Yohannes et al | 2018 | Addis Ababa and Oromia | Honey | The concentration of Fe in honey samples ranged from 5.37–12.4, Ni from 0.80–4.46, Cr from 1.20–4.33, Zn from 1.92–4.22, Co from 0.60–1.17, Mn from 0.16–0.89, Cd from ND-0.69, and Cu from 0.09–0.47. Pb was not detected. | Low | [38] |