Table 3 Background characteristics of rural, urban poor, and urban non-poor children (0-59 months) in pooled sample
| Rural | Urban Poor | Urban Non-Poor | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child Background | ||||
| Male |
N=30603 51.0% |
N=2207 51.4% |
N=6542 51.5% | 0.698 |
| Mean age (in months) |
N=30603 29.4 |
N=2207 28.9 |
N=6542 29.7 | 0.194 |
| Birth order: First born |
N=30603 32.7% |
N=2207 31.1% |
N=6542 41.3% | <0.001 |
| Place of birth: At home |
N=26286 82.1% |
N=1931 84.0% |
N=5276 48.2% | <0.001 |
| Perceived size at birth: Very small/ smaller than averagea |
N=13781 18.4% |
N=970 22.4% |
N=2732 15.7% | <0.001 |
| Dewormed in last 6 months (age 6-59 months)b |
N=15453 44.5% |
N=1048 47.4% |
N=3976 47.7% | 0.025 |
| Vaccinated for measles (0-59 months)e |
N=28419 84.6% |
N=2055 82.4% |
N=5863 89.4% | <0.001 |
| Sought medical help when ill with diarrheaf |
N=1947 31.3% |
N=149 30.8% |
N=373 50.0% | <0.001 |
| Sought medical help when ill with fever/ coughf |
N=13895 29.9% |
N=1049 31.3% |
N=2694 44.8% | <0.001 |
| Mother’s Background | ||||
| Mean current age (years) |
N=30603 25.57 |
N=2207 25.26 |
N=6542 26.01 | <0.001 |
| Mean age at first marriage (years) |
N=30603 15.49 |
N=2207 15.10 |
N=6542 16.91 | <0.001 |
| Mean age at first child’s birth (years) |
N=30603 17.71 |
N=2207 17.25 |
N=6542 19.12 | <0.001 |
| Divorced/widowed/separated |
N=30603 1.5% |
N=2207 2.6% |
N=6542 1.6% | 0.002 |
| Non-Muslim |
N=30599 8.7% |
N=2207 9.5% |
N=6540 8.3% | 0.724 |
| Maternal education: | N=30603 | N=2207 | N=6541 | <0.001 |
| No education | 26.1% | 33.2% | 11.2% | |
| Secondary or higher | 43.2% | 28.5% | 66.4% | |
| No media exposure |
N=30597 44.2% |
N=2205 40.7% |
N=6540 7.3% | <0.001 |
| Mean number of total children ever born |
N=30603 2.72 |
N=2207 2.75 |
N=6542 2.17 | <0.001 |
| Currently using contraception (any method) |
N=30603 59.5% |
N=2207 63.6% |
N=6542 74.0% | <0.001 |
| 4 or more number of children living with mother |
N=30560 17.2% |
N=2205 17.4% |
N=6532 8.2% | <0.001 |
| Very short (<145 cm) maternal stature |
N=30567 14.2% |
N=2204 17.9% |
N=6540 11.4% | <0.001 |
| Underweight (<18.5) Body Mass Indexg |
N=28850 31.6% |
N=2087 33.6% |
N=6306 14.7% | <0.001 |
| Worked in last 12 months |
N=30603 24.8% |
N=2207 32.5% |
N=6541 21.3% | <0.001 |
| Unskilled laborerh |
N=7492 75.9% |
N=711 75.5% |
N=1368 35.9% | <0.001 |
| Low level of autonomy |
N=30349 37.6% |
N=2174 33.1% |
N=6473 26.9% | <0.001 |
| No antenatal care visit (most recent live birth): |
N=22451 39.6% |
N=1656 36.6% |
N=4,803 12.2% | <0.001 |
| No postnatal check within 2 months of birth (most recent live birth):b |
N=11616 45.9% |
N=816 45.3% |
N=2,984 28.4% | <0.001 |
| Household Background | ||||
| Average national wealth indexi |
N=30603 2.56 |
N=2207 2.13 |
N=6542 4.60 | <0.001 |
| Dhaka Division |
N=30603 26.7% |
N=2207 25.9% |
N=6542 51.4% | <0.001 |
| Average household size |
N=30603 6.3 |
N=2207 5.7 |
N=6542 6.1 | <0.001 |
| Female headed |
N=30603 9.1% |
N=2207 6.9% |
N=6542 8.5% | 0.023 |
| Has improved toiletj |
N=28369 41.6% |
N=2067 40.2% |
N=6131 70.7% | <0.001 |
| Shares toilet with other householdsc |
N=18021 36.6% |
N=1345 52.9% |
N=4746 44.1% | <0.001 |
| Has improved source of drinking waterj |
N=28357 97.1% |
N=2067 97.9% |
N=6133 99.6% | <0.001 |
| Has water source located ‘elsewhere’ (not in own dwelling/yard/plot)b |
N=16865 26.9% |
N=1151 34.2% |
N=2987 18.9% | <0.001 |
| Has handwashing place observed in dwellingc |
N=17096 91.1% |
N=1,171 91.1% |
N=4404 98.6% | <0.001 |
| Cooks with solid fuelsd |
N=23348 96.9% |
N=1,698 98.1% |
N=5496 40.9% | <0.001 |