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Table 4 Associations between disclosure of same-sex practices and healthcare stigma among MSM in SSA (by country), 2014–2016 (N = 3040)

From: Disclosure of same-sex practices and experiences of healthcare stigma among cisgender men who have sex with men in five sub-Saharan African countries

 

Afraid to seek health services

Avoided seeking health services

Gossiped about by healthcare providers

Felt mistreated in a health center

 

OR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

Same-sex practices disclosure

 Not to a FM or a HCW (ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Côte d’Ivoire

 To a FM only

0.99 (0.67, 1.47)

0.95 (0.88, 2.64)

1.23 (0.78, 1.94)

1.19 (0.74, 1.89)

1.84* (1.09, 3.11)

1.79* (1.05, 3.04)

1.80 (0.69, 4.70)

1.75 (0.66, 4.63)

 To a HCW only

1.73* (1.03, 2.90)

1.52 (0.88, 2.64)

1.96* (1.09, 3.52)

1.75 ~ (0.93, 3.30)

0.73 (0.25, 2.10)

0.58 (0.20, 1.74)

0.67 (0.09, 5.27)

0.31 (0.03, 3.15)

 To a family and a HCW

1.37 (0.69, 2.71)

1.25 (0.61, 2.55)

1.26 (0.54, 2.91)

1.19 (0.49, 2.88)

3.68*** (2.26, 9.70)

4.16*** (1.93, 8.99)

6.25** (2.08, 18.80)

3.96* (1.17, 13.39)

Cameroon

 To a FM only

1.73 ~ (0.96, 3.12)

1.55 (0.85, 2.83)

1.18 (0.62, 2.23)

1.06 (0.55, 2.04)

1.87 (0.85, 4.14)

2.07 ~ (0.91, 4.71)

3.22* (1.29, 8.04)

3.53* (1.36, 9.19)

 To a HCW only

6.78*** (2.40, 19.14)

5.59** (1.88, 16.57)

6.22** (2.21, 17.50)

4.84** (1.64, 14.28)

5.80** (1.56, 21.58)

3.62 ~ (0.89, 14.65)

7.03* (1.45, 34.22)

4.40 (0.74, 26.15)

 To a FM and a HCW

5.26*** (2.45, 11.29)

4.37** (1.87, 10.19)

3.15** (1.37, 7.23)

2.25 ~ (0.90, 5.61)

4.23** (1.51, 11.84)

2.30 (0.73, 7.31)

4.65* (1.25, 17.27)

3.78 ~ (0.83, 17.30)

  1. ~p < 0.10; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; significant, adjusted associations are also bolded
  2. MSM, men who have sex with men; SSA, sub-Saharan Africa; OR, odds ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; FM, family member; HCW, healthcare worker
  3. Controlling for age, education, income, HIV status, and depression