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Table 2 Anthropometric, weight-related behavioural and health-related quality of life outcomes, stratified by SEP

From: The impact of a community-based intervention on weight, weight-related behaviours and health-related quality of life in primary school children in Victoria, Australia, according to socio-economic position

 

Intervention

Control

Change 2019–2015

Intervention effect (difference in change)

Effect modification by SEP (difference in intervention effect between SEP levels)

 

2015

2019

2015

2019

Intervention

Control

Int - Control

High - low SEP

 

n

Estimate(95% CI)

n

Estimate(95% CI)

n

Estimate(95% CI)

n

Estimate(95% CI)

Estimate(95% CI)

Estimate(95% CI)

Estimate(95% CI)

Estimate(95% CI)

Anthropometry

 BMI z score (mean)

  Low SEP

724

0.67 (0.57, 0.76)

452

0.80 (0.68, 0.92)

630

0.61 (0.51, 0.72)

692

0.72 (0.61, 0.82)

0.14 (0, 0.28)

0.10 (−0.02, 0.23)

0.03 (−0.15, 0.22)

0.23 (− 0.11, 0.56)

  High SEP

242

0.68 (0.53, 0.84)

416

0.74 (0.60, 0.87)

185

0.68 (0.50, 0.86)

536

0.47 (0.33, 0.61)

0.05 (−0.14, 0.25)

−0.21 (− 0.42, 0.01)

0.26 (− 0.02, 0.54)

 Overweight or obese (prevalence)

  Low SEP

724

36.0 (32.0, 40.0)

452

41.4 (36.4, 46.5)

630

35.1 (30.8, 39.4)

692

38.2 (34.1, 42.4)

5.5 (−0.3, 11.3)

3.2 (− 2.1, 8.4)

2.3 (− 5.5, 10.2)

6.1 (− 7.9, 20.1)

  High SEP

242

36.7 (30.2, 43.2)

416

40.4 (34.5, 46.2)

185

35.1 (27.8, 42.5)

536

30.4 (25.1, 35.7)

3.7 (−4.6, 12.0)

− 4.7 (−13.6, 4.2)

8.4 (− 3.2, 20.1)

Weight-related behaviours (prevalence)

 Meets physical activity guidelines (≥5 days per week)

  Low SEP

450

32.8 (28.1, 37.6)

300

34.8 (29.0, 40.7)

417

32.2 (27.2, 37.2)

463

35.6 (30.7, 40.4)

2.0 (−5.1, 9.1)

3.4 (−3.0, 9.8)

−1.4 (−10.9, 8.1)

22.5 (5.1, 39.9)d

  High SEP

144

29.4 (21.7, 37.2)

287

51.1 (44.0, 58.3)

127

47.0 (37.7, 56.2)

368

47.5 (40.7, 54.4)

21.7 (11.5, 31.8)b

0.6 (−11.0, 12.1)

21.1 (6.5, 35.7)c

 Meets sedentary guidelines (≥5 days per week)

  Low SEP

429

81.9 (78.2, 85.5)

299

73.9 (67.0, 78.9)

413

78.6 (74.7, 82.5)

462

74.9 (71.1, 78.8)

−7.9 (−14.1, − 1.8)b

−3.7 (−9.3, 2.0)

−4.3 (− 12.6, 4.1)

9.0 (−4.6, 22.7)

  High SEP

135

80.2 (73.2, 87.0)

285

83.5 (78.7, 88.3)

126

84.3 (78.1, 90.5)

367

83.0 (78.5, 87.4)

3.4 (−5.0, 11.8)

−1.4 (−9.4, 6.7)

4.7 (−6.2, 15.7)

 Active transport to or from school

  Low SEP

449

27.4 (20.0, 34.9)

300

28.1 (19.7, 36.6)

417

32.5 (24.2, 40.9)

463

27.2 (19.7, 34.8)

0.7 (−6.2, 7.6)

−5.3 (−11.5, 0.9)

6.0 (−3.3, 15.3)

−20.8 (− 38.6, − 3.0)d

  High SEP

144

30.9 (20.6, 41.3)

287

24.9 (15.9, 33.9)

127

26.5 (15.5, 37.5)

368

35.3 (24.6, 45.9)

−6.0 (−16.9, 4.9)

8.8 (−2.0, 19.5)

−14.8 (−3.0, 0.3)

 Meets vegetable guidelines

  Low SEP

445

16.5 (13.0, 20.0)

299

13.3 (9.4, 17.1)

415

19.1 (15.3, 22.9)

461

17.2 (13.8, 20.7)

−3.3 (−8.4, 1.9)

−1.9 (−7.0, 3.3)

−1.3 (− 8.7, 6.0)

−4.0 (− 17.0, 8.9)

  High SEP

143

16.6 (10.4, 22.7)

286

17.4 (12.5, 22.4)

126

15.3 (9.0, 21.6)

363

21.5 (16.3, 26.7)

0.8 (−6.7, 8.4)

6.2 (−2.3, 14.8)

−5.4 (−16.1, 5.4)

 Meets fruit guidelines

  Low SEP

440

69.6 (65.1, 74.1)

301

71.5 (66.3, 76.7)

413

71.9 (67.4, 76.4)

463

77.6 (73.8, 81.5)

1.9 (−4.7, 8.6)

5.7 (0, 11.5)

−3.8 (−12.6, 5.0)

1.8 (− 12.8, 16.5)

  High SEP

140

75.3 (68.0, 82.7)

287

73.9 (67.9, 79.9)

125

83.0 (76.4, 89.5)a

368

83.6 (79.0, 88.1)

−1.4 (−10.7, 7.9)

0.6 (−7.7, 8.8)

−2.0 (− 13.7, 9.7)

Takeaway (≤1 per week)

  Low SEP

450

87.4 (84, 90.8)

301

86.4 (82.2, 90.6)

418

88.3 (84.8, 91.8)

462

84.3 (80.6, 88.0)

−1.0 (−6.0, 3.9)

−4.0 (−8.5, 0.6)

2.9 (−3.8, 9.6)

5.6 (− 4.1, 15.3)

  High SEP

143

91.1 (86.2, 96.0)

287

93.9 (90.6, 97.1)

127

97.0 (94.1, 100)

368

91.2 (87.5, 94.9)

2.7 (−3.0, 8.5)

−5.8 (−10.5, − 1.1)b

8.5 (1.5, 15.6)c

 Packaged snacks (≤1 per day)

  Low SEP

441

67.0 (62.6, 71.3)

301

68.5 (63.4, 73.7)

406

71.0 (66.7, 75.2)

463

68.7 (64.7, 72.6)

1.5 (−5.2, 8.1)

−2.3 (−8.6, 3.9)

3.9 (− 5.4, 13.0)

7.4 (−6.6, 21.5)

  High SEP

141

75.0 (67.7, 82.5)

287

82.8 (78.1, 87.5)

124

87.5 (81.8, 93.2)a

368

83.9 (79.8, 88.0)

7.5 (−1.0, 15.9)

−3.6 (− 11.1, 4.0)

11.3 (0.5, 22.0)c

 Water (≥5 glasses per day)

  Low SEP

407

52.9 (47.7, 58.1)

303

45.9 (39.9, 51.9)

374

58.2 (52.8, 63.6)

463

48.3 (42.6, 53.2)

−7.0 (−14.5, 0.5)

−9.9 (− 16.7, −3.1)b

2.9 (− 7.3, 13.0)

3.0 (− 15.2, 21.2)

  High SEP

131

50.1 (41.2, 59.0)

287

60.0 (53.1, 66.8)

112

52.2 (42.6, 61.8)

368

56.2 (49.6, 62.7)

9.8 (−0.9, 20.6)

4.0 (−7.8, 15.7)

5.9 (−9.3, 21.1)

 Sugar Sweetened Beverage (≤1 per day)

  Low SEP

449

76.8 (72.5, 81.1)

301

80.9 (76.2, 85.6)

415

79.3 (75.0, 83.7)

463

85.0 (81.5, 88.5)

4.1 (−1.6, 9.9)

5.7 (0.7, 10.6)b

−1.5 (−9.1, 6.0)

−4.4 (− 16.0, 7.1)

  High SEP

144

92.1 (87.6, 96.7)a

287

86.9 (82.0, 91.9)

127

90.6 (85.5, 95.6)a

366

91.3 (87.6, 95.0)

−5.2 (−11.8, 1.4)

0.7 (−5.4, 6.9)

−6.0 (− 14.7, 2.8)

Health-Related Quality of Life (mean scores)

 PedsQL psychosocial score

  Low SEP

436

75.5 (73.8, 77.3)

301

73.4 (71.3, 75.5)

412

78.1 (76.2, 80.0)

462

73.9 (72.1, 75.6)

−2.2 (−4.5, 0.2)

−4.2 (−6.3, −2.1)b

2.1 (−1.1, 5.2)

3.1 (− 2.6, 8.8)

  High SEP

140

76.8 (74.0, 79.6)

286

75.9 (73.5, 78.3)

125

81.7 (78.7, 84.8)

369

75.6 (73.3, 77.9)

−0.9 (−4.3, 2.5)

−6.1 (−9.7, −2.5)b

5.2 (0.4, 10.0)c

PedsQL physical score

  Low SEP

436

82.0 (80.4, 83.6)

300

80.6 (78.7, 82.5)

412

85.5 (83.9, 87.2)

461

82.1 (80.5, 83.6)

−1.4 (−3.7, 0.9)

−3.4 (−5.5, − 1.4)b

2.0 (− 1.0, 5.1)

2.1 (− 3.4, 7.6)

  High SEP

140

84.6 (82.0, 87.3)

286

85.1 (82.9, 87.3)

125

87.7 (84.9, 90.6)

369

84.1 (82.0, 86.1)

0.5 (−2.8, 3.7)

−3.7 (−7.2, −0.2)b

4.1 (−0.5, 8.7)

 PedsQL global score

  Low SEP

438

77.7 (76.1, 79.2)

301

75.9 (74.0, 77.8)

411

80.7 (79.0, 82.3)

462

76.8 (75.2, 78.3)

−1.8 (−3.9, 0.3)

− 3.9 (−5.8, −2.0)b

2.1 (−0.7, 4.9)

2.8 (− 2.4, 7.9)

  High SEP

140

79.5 (76.9, 82.0)

287

79.1 (76.9, 81.1)

125

83.9 (81.1, 86.6)

369

78.6 (76.5, 80.7)

−0.4 (−3.5, 2.7)

−5.3 (−8.5, −2.0)b

4.9 (0.6, 9.2)c

  1. Estimates and 95% CI from linear mixed models and generalised estimating equations. Models included timepoint, group, SEP, two and three-way interactions between timepoint, group and SEP and school type, gender and age
  2. a p < 0.05 for difference between Low and High SEP within study group at 2015; b p < 0.05 for change between 2015 and 2019 within study group and SEP strata; c p < 0.05 for intervention effect (difference in change between intervention and control), within SEP strata; d p < 0.05 for effect modification, i.e. difference in intervention effect between SEP strata
  3. SEP: socioeconomic position; BMI: body mass index; PedsQL: Paediatric Quality of Life
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