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Table 2 Characteristics of the study population compared between healthy and unhealthy states

From: Prevalence of metabolically unhealthy obesity, overweight, and normal weight and the associated risk factors in a southern coastal region, Iran (the PERSIAN cohort study): a cross-sectional study

Variables

MHNW (n = 1187)

MUNW (n = 249)

P-value

MHOW (n = 873)

MUOW (n = 658)

P-value

MHO (n = 407)

MUO (n = 543)

P-value

Age (years) mean ± SD

47.37 ± 9.50

55.46 ± 8.90

< 0.001

45.90 ± 8.55

51.88 ± 8.95

< 0.001

44.57 ± 7.87

49.31 ± 8.99

< 0.001

Gender N (%)

 Male

660 (55.6)

98 (39.4)

< 0.001

467 (53.5)

194 (29.5)

< 0.001

132 (32.4)

140 (25.8)

0.025

 Female

527 (44.4)

151 (60.6)

 

406 (46.5)

464 (70.5)

 

275 (67.6)

403 (74.2)

 

Place of residence N (%)

 Urban

998 (84.1)

193 (77.5)

0.012

766 (87.7)

548 (83.3)

0.013

368 (90.4)

464 (85.5)

0.022

 Rural

189 (15.9)

56 (22.5)

 

107 (12.3)

110 (16.7)

 

39 (9.6)

79 (14.5)

 

Marital status N (%)

 Single

121 (10.2)

35 (14.1)

0.075

72 (8.2)

80 (12.2)

0.011

32 (7.9)

73 (13.4)

0.007

 Married

1066 (89.8)

214 (85.9)

 

801 (91.8)

578 (87.8)

 

375 (92.1)

470 (86.6)

 

Education N (%)

 Illiterate

483 (40.7)

171 (68.7)

< 0.001

276 (31.6)

384 (58.4)

< 0.001

153 (37.6)

267 (49.2)

< 0.001

  literate

704 (59.3)

78 (31.3)

 

597 (68.4)

274 (41.6)

 

254 (62.4)

276 (50.8)

 

Occupation N (%)

 Employed

643 (54.2)

86 (34.5)

< 0.001

500 (57.3)

195 (29.6)

< 0.001

164 (40.3)

166 (30.6)

0.002

 Unemployed

544 (45.8)

163 (65.5)

 

373 (42.7)

463 (70.4)

 

243 (59.7)

377 (69.4)

 

Wealth N (%)

 Poor

524 (44.1)

123 (49.4)

0.103

295 (33.8)

266 (40.4)

0.003

162 (39.8)

232 (42.7)

0.594

 Average

231 (19.5)

53 (21.3)

 

154 (17.6)

129 (19.6)

 

85 (20.9)

102 (18.8)

 

 Rich

432 (36.4)

73 (29.3)

 

424 (48.6)

263 (40.0)

 

160 (39.3)

209 (38.5)

 

Physical activity N (%)

 Low

256 (21.6)

69 (27.7)

0.019

208 (23.8)

190 (28.9)

0.004

111 (27.3)

175 (32.2)

0.092

 Moderate

687 (57.9)

145 (58.2)

 

531 (60.8)

400 (60.8)

 

252 (61.9)

327 (60.2)

 

 High

244 (20.6)

35 (14.1)

 

134 (15.3)

68 (10.3)

 

44 (10.8)

41 (7.6)

 

Weight (kg) mean ± SD

59.06 ± 8.80

60.26 ± 7.79

0.031

73.72 ± 8.84

70.91 ± 8.39

< 0.001

86.71 ± 11.42

86.78 ± 13.07

0.933

WHR mean ± SD

0.89 ± 0.06

0.96 ± 0.06

< 0.001

0.93 ± 0.05

0.97 ± 0.06

< 0.001

0.95 ± 0.06

0.97 ± 0.06

< 0.001

Daily calorie intake (kcal) mean ± SD

2879.49 ± 909.46

2581.73 ± 798.55

< 0.001

3072.19 ± 964.31

2775.48 ± 887.28

< 0.001

2992.19 ± 990.85

2867.24 ± 940.00

0.048

  1. Abbreviations: N Number, SD Standard deviation, WHR Waist-to-hip ratio, MHNW Metabolically healthy normal weight, MUNW Metabolically unhealthy normal weight, MHOW Metabolically healthy overweight, MUOW Metabolically unhealthy overweight, MHO Metabolically healthy obesity, MUO Metabolically unhealthy obesity