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Table 1 The characteristics of the study participants

From: Declines in health literacy and health-related quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study of the Japanese general population

 

2020

2021

N

%

N

%

Age

 20–29

80

9.7

67

8.1

 30–39

110

13.3

109

13.2

 40–49

140

17.0

126

15.3

 50–59

178

21.6

187

22.6

 60–69

151

18.3

146

17.7

 70-

167

20.2

191

23.1

Mean (SD)

53.4

16.0

54.6

16.0

Gender

 Male

401

48.6

401

48.6

 Female

425

51.5

425

51.5

Educational attainment

 Junior high school

30

3.6

30

3.6

 High school/Vocational school

348

42.1

348

42.1

 2-year college

115

13.9

115

13.9

 University or higher

333

40.3

333

40.3

Self-assessed economic status

 Low:1–3

139

16.8

139

16.8

 Middle low: 4–5

354

42.9

337

40.8

 Middle high: 6–7

292

35.4

301

36.4

 High: 8–10

39

4.7

45

5.5

 missing

2

0.2

4

0.5

Work status

 Self-employed

78

9.4

84

10.2

 Full-time employed

320

38.7

305

36.9

 Part-time employed

148

17.9

154

18.6

 Others

278

33.7

281

34.1

 missing

2

0.2

2

0.2

Presence of a currently treated disease

 Yes

358

43.3

358

43.3

 No

442

53.5

456

55.2

 missing

26

3.2

12

1.5