Table 2 Overview of big data technology application in the COVID-19 epidemic emergency management

Mitigation

Legislation

1. Establish and improve laws and systems related to the digital transformation of epidemic emergency management.

2. Incorporate the digital transformation of epidemic emergency management into the legislation of digital government construction.

3. Clarify the goals, use processes, scopes, boundaries, subjects, responsibilities, rights and accountabilities of big data technology application in epidemic emergency management.

Dedicated budget

Use big data technology-based epidemic risk prediction, situational awareness, and risk maps to formulate special dedicated budgets.

Emergency planning

Use big data technology to establish an epidemic emergency management case database, and combine the results of epidemic risk prediction to formulate emergency plans.

Emergency management agency

1. Establish a unified, supremely authorized epidemic prevention and control command to coordinate the application of big data technology in emergency management.

2. Establish a big data management administrative agency directly responsible for the digital construction of epidemic emergency management.

3. Establish a cross- and multi-agency collaborative governance mechanism.

4. Establish an emergency management mechanism involving government, society and the public, especially a communication mechanism.

Preparedness

Early warning system

1. Establish a dedicated, integrated epidemic emergency management digital platform.

2. Develop an epidemic prediction and warning system based on the digital epidemic emergency platform.

Emergency information

1. Realize the real-time sharing of epidemic data based on port connections on the epidemic digital emergency platform.

2. Integration of public-private sector multisource epidemic big data, such as medical care, transportation, communication, consumption, positioning, and social media.

3. Use big data mining, storage, sharing and analysis technologies to process epidemic information, and realize real-time epidemic monitoring and information disclosure.

4. A local government can disclose the epidemic information to the public in a timely manner without obtaining authorization from a higher-level government.

Reserve emergency resources

Use big data technology to support epidemic risk prediction and the Internet of Things platform to reserve emergency resources.

Training and exercises

Use big data technology-based epidemic risk prediction to carry out emergency training and exercises.

Mobilization

Use big data technology-based epidemic risk prediction to carry out emergency mobilization.

Response

Disaster assessment

Use the dynamics of epidemic situational awareness based on big data technology to assess the damage of the epidemic.

Emergency warning

Use the dynamic epidemic situation awareness based on big data technology and the early warning system to issue emergency warnings to the public in a timely manner.

Emergency response

1. Use digital contact tracing to find the source of the epidemic and take quarantine measures.

2. Use the internet of things platform to efficiently, quickly and accurately configure emergency resources.

3. Use big data technology to analyse traditional media and new media data to improve responsiveness to public opinion and public need.

Emergency rescue

Use digital contact tracing to accurately identify patients and contacts, and conduct centralized treatment or medical observation on them.

Compulsory measures

Use big data technology to cooperate with traditional emergency management measures such as contact tracing, quarantine, treatment, lockdown and isolation.

Recovery

Reconstruction

1. Use big data technology to support the economy and society order restoration.

2. Use big data technology to help severely affected groups and socially disadvantaged groups through precise economic assistance and subsidies.

Consummate legislation

Strengthen the legislation for big data technology application in epidemic emergency management, especially to ensure public privacy, public rights and social compliance in the process of technology application, and improve transparency and accountability.

Improve digital platform

Establish and continuously optimize the integrated digital epidemic emergency management platform.

Knowledge learning

1. Summarize the successful experience and knowledge of big data technology application in the process of epidemic emergency management, and promote it at the national level.

2. Use big data technology to improve the case database of epidemic emergency management.

Improve epidemic emergency capabilities

Take big data technology as an important element to improve the responsiveness of the epidemic emergency management system.