Table 2 The associations between sociodemographic factors and instant messaging and social network site exposure among 9-year-old children (N = 4568)
From: Sociodemographic factors and social media use in 9-year-old children: the Generation R Study
| Â | Instant messaging (yes) | Social network site (yes) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic model a | Full model b | Basic model a | Full model b | |
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Maternal educational level | ||||
 High | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Mid-high | 1.16 (0.97–1.39) | 1.12 (0.93–1.36) | 1.14 (0.89–1.47) | 1.00 (0.76–1.32) |
 Mid-low | 1.50 (1.24–1.81) | 1.29 (0.85–1.96) | 1.92 (1.54–2.40) | 1.58 (1.19–2.10) |
 Low | 1.29 (1.01–1.67) | 1.44 (1.12–1.86) | 2.15 (1.59–2.91) | 1.73 (1.13–2.66) |
Paternal educational level | ||||
 High | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Mid-high | 1.20 (0.98–1.49) | 1.13 (0.91–1.40) | 1.42 (1.08–1.86) | 1.36 (0.94–1.96) |
 Mid-low | 1.39 (1.16–1.65) | 1.18 (0.95–1.47) | 1.90 (1.48–2.44) | 1.30 (0.98–1.71) |
  Low | 1.31 (1.03–1.66) | 1.08 (0.75–1.55) | 1.95 (1.49–2.56) | 1.48 (1.12–1.95) |
Maternal employment status | ||||
 Paid job | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 No paid job | 0.96 (0.78–1.17) | 0.89 (0.71–1.13) | 1.20 (0.99–1.47) | 1.00 (0.80–1.24) |
Paternal employment status | ||||
 Paid job | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 No paid job | 1.14 (0.85–1.53) | 1.09 (0.79–1.49) | 1.14 (0.80–1.63) | 0.94 (0.64–1.38) |
Net household income†| ||||
  > €3200/month | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 €2000–€3200/month | 1.12 (0.95–1.33) | 1.09 (0.90–1.32) | 1.23 (1.00–1.51) | 0.92 (0.74–1.16) |
  < €2000/month | 1.13 (0.95–1.34) | 0.83 (0.66–1.04) | 1.61 (1.33–1.96) | 1.00 (0.74–1.34) |
Financial difficulties | ||||
 No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Yes | 1.13 (0.96–1.33) | 1.06 (0.88–1.28) | 1.56 (1.29–1.88) | 1.28 (1.04–1.59) |
Marital status | ||||
 Married/cohabiting | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 No partner | 1.43 (1.15–1.78) | 1.48 (1.16–1.88) | 1.53 (1.20–1.95) | 1.34 (1.01–1.78) |
Ethnic background | ||||
 Dutch | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Other western | 1.07 (0.85–1.36) | 1.11 (0.87–1.41) | 0.80 (0.59–1.08) | 1.23 (0.90–1.67) |
 Non-western | 1.24 (1.06–1.44) | 1.18 (0.99–1.40) | 1.07 (0.89–1.28) | 0.97 (0.69–1.37) |