Table 2 Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) (until age 16) and labour market trajectories (age 16–32). N = 3264 after multiple imputation. Multinomial logistic regression relative risk ratios (95% CI)
| Â | Cluster Membership | Model 1 (Bivariate associations) | Model 2 (Adjusted for SES) |
|---|---|---|---|
Adverse childhood experiences | |||
 No. of adverse childhood experiences | 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
2 | 1.27 (1.16–1.39) | 1.23 (1.10–1.37) | |
3 | 1.70 (1.41–2.05) | 1.51 (1.21–1.90) | |
 Parental divorce | 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
2 | 1.67 (1.30–2.13) | 1.73 (1.28–2.35) | |
3 | 3.05 (1.69–5.50) | 2.33 (1.11–4.91) | |
 Parental death | 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
2 | 1.53 (0.96–2.45) | 1.32 (0.82–2.13) | |
3 | 2.85 (1.09–7.44) | 1.99 (0.71–5.52) | |
 Parental drug or alcohol abuse | 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
2 | 1.60 (1.21–2.11) | 1.47 (1.09–1.97) | |
3 | 2.71 (1.47–4.97) | 1.95 (1.03–3.66) | |
 Parental unemployment | 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
2 | 1.49 (1.14–1.93) | 1.20 (0.91–1.59) | |
3 | 2.82 (1.44–5.52) | 1.74 (0.84–3.64) | |
 Abuse or neglect | 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
2 | 1.43 (0.89–2.30) | 1.68 (1.03–2.75) | |
3 | 5.64 (2.41–13.22) | 4.84 (1.95–12.02) | |
 Witness violent event | 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
2 | 2.67 (1.63–4.37) | 2.38 (1.45–3.90) | |
3 | 3.70 (1.21–11.23) | 2.82 (0.90–8.83) | |
 Parental accident or serious illness | 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
2 | 1.16 (0.85–1.57) | 1.05 (0.76–1.47) | |
3 | 1.91 (0.97–3.73) | 1.49 (0.73–3.04) | |
Sociodemographic characteristics and class of origin | |||
 Gender (male vs. female) | 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
2 | 2.49 (2.14–2.88) | 2.55 (2.19–2.97) | |
3 | 1.44 (1.03–2.01) | 1.56 (1.11–2.20) | |
 Parents unskilled vs. Skilled | 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
2 | 2.47 (2.11–2.88) | 2.43 (2.06–2.86) | |
3 | 3.82 (2.66–5.49) | 3.38 (2.34–4.87) | |
 Household disposable income (in 100.000 Dkr) | 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
2 | 0.73 (0.63–0.85) | 0.74 (0.63–0.87) | |
3 | 0.29 (0.19–0.44) | 0.29 (0.19–0.45) | |
 Lone parent vs. two parents | 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
2 | 1.34 (1.01–1.76) | 1.20 (0.89–1.62) | |
3 | 2.40 (1.48–3.92) | 1.60 (0.96–2.67) | |
 Number of children in household | 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
2 | 0.91 (0.84–0.99) | 0.90 (0.83–0.98) | |
3 | 0.68 (0.55–0.83) | 0.67 (0.55–0.82) | |