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Table 2 Odds of Major Depressive Episode and Anxiety Disorder Associated with Two Risk Factors: Adverse Childhood Experience Score and Gender

From: The interaction of adverse childhood experiences and gender as risk factors for depression and anxiety disorders in US adults: a cross-sectional study

 

Prevalence of Disorder, Proportion (%)a

Model 1b

Model 2c

Risk Factor

Odds Ratio

(95% CI)

Odds Ratio

(95% CI)

P Valued

Major Depressive Episodee

 ACE score

  0

158/1955 (9.2)

Reference

Reference

 

  1

120/1141 (11.7)

1.30 (0.97, 1.74)

1.16 (0.86, 1.57)

 

  2

129/768 (19.2)

2.38 (1.79, 3.18)

2.01 (1.49, 2.72)

<.001

  3–5

114/480 (25.5)

3.34 (2.45, 4.56)

2.34 (1.67, 3.28)

 

 Gender

  Males

156/2009 (9.0)

Reference

Reference

 

  Females

365/2335 (17.8)

2.18 (1.72, 2.78)

2.24 (1.74, 2.87)

<.001

Anxiety Disorderf

 ACE score

  0

95/1955 (5.5)

Reference

Reference

 

  1

89/1141 (9.6)

1.84 (1.30, 2.61)

1.70 (1.19, 2.44)

 

  2

101/768 (13.8)

2.82 (2.01, 3.95)

2.45 (1.72, 3.49)

<.001

  3–5

87/480 (20.3)

4.38 (3.05, 6.27)

3.05 (2.06, 4.51)

 

 Gender

  Males

97/2009 (6.1)

Reference

Reference

 

  Females

275/2335 (13.2)

2.33 (1.74, 3.11)

2.40 (1.79, 3.22)

<.001

  1. aPrevalence is unadjusted. Proportion = number with the mental health disorder/ number in the group defined by adverse childhood experience (ACE) score (count of 5 categories of exposure to ACEs as 4 levels) or gender (male or female). All numbers unweighted. Percentage = weighted 12-month prevalence of major depressive episode or anxiety disorder
  2. bModel 1 is logistic regression model with the mental health disorder (major depressive episode or anxiety disorder) as the dependent variable and ACE score (as 4 levels) and gender as independent variables (N = 4344)
  3. cModel 2 is logistic regression model with the mental health disorder (major depressive episode or anxiety disorder) as the dependent variable and ACE score, gender, and 4 covariates (age, race, childhood socioeconomic disadvantage [SED] and current SED) as independent variables. N = 4275 after a listwise deletion of 69 participants (31 males and 38 females), who were missing data on race, childhood SED, or current SED
  4. dP value for the Wald test, which was used to assess whether the addition of the ACE score or gender significantly improved the model fit over a model with 4 covariates and the other risk factor (ACE score or gender)
  5. eWald test was used to assess the addition of three gender x ACE interaction terms to Model 2: F(3, 4272) = 1.22; P = .302 (assessing interaction in a multiplicative model)
  6. fWald test was used to assess the addition of three gender x ACE interaction terms to Model 2: F(3, 4272) = 1.17; P = .318 (assessing interaction in a multiplicative model)
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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