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Table 2 Bivariate associations with depression and anxiety

From: Mental health, potential minority stressors and resilience: evidence from a cross-sectional survey of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men within the Celtic nations

Predictor variables

Depression

Anxiety

N

Odds ratio

95% CI

p-value

N

Odds ratio

95% CI

p-value

Sociodemographic factors

 Age (years)* †

18–25

408

REF

REF

REF

395

REF

REF

REF

26–35

506

0.79

0.57, 1.11

0.17

497

0.71

0.52, 0.96

0.03

36–45

546

0.67

0.48, 0.95

0.02

542

0.63

0.47, 0.86

0.00

46+

855

0.46

0.33, 0.64

0.00

844

0.38

0.28, 0.51

0.00

 Country*

Scotland

1126

REF

REF

REF

1112

REF

REF

REF

Wales

381

1.12

0.82, 1.54

0.48

377

0.94

0.70, 1.25

0.66

Northern Ireland

174

1.18

0.77, 1.81

0.45

166

0.99

0.67, 1.48

0.97

Republic of Ireland

638

0.72

0.54, 0.97

0.03

628

0.76

0.59, 0.98

0.04

 Ethnicity

White

2247

REF

REF

REF

2214

REF

REF

REF

Other

66

0.81

0.39, 1.72

0.59

63

1.38

0.78, 2.46

0.27

 Sexual Orientation†

Gay

1897

REF

REF

REF

1854

REF

REF

REF

Bisexual

380

0.74

0.52, 1.03

0.07

388

0.70

0.52, 0.94

0.02

Straight/other

22

0.56

0.13, 2.41

0.44

21

0.63

0.18, 2.14

0.45

 Educated post- secondary*†

No

865

REF

REF

REF

853

REF

REF

REF

Yes

1415

0.57

0.45, 0.72

0.00

1389

0.63

0.51, 0.77

0.00

 Employment*†

Other (including retired, carer, student)

609

REF

REF

REF

606

REF

REF

REF

Employed/ self employed

1691

0.44

0.34, 0.56

0.00

1659

0.46

0.37, 0.58

0.00

 Relationship status*†

Single

1428

REF

REF

REF

1396

REF

REF

REF

Regular Male Partner

480

0.52

0.37, 0.72

0.00

484

0.74

0.57, 0.96

0.02

Civil Partnership / Married Man

191

0.48

0.29, 0.80

0.05

184

0.38

0.23, 0.62

0.00

Regular Female Partner

210

0.33

0.19, 0.58

0.00

210

0.39

0.25, 0.61

0.00

 Any Disability*†

No

1447

REF

REF

REF

1434

REF

REF

REF

Yes

728

4.80

3.74, 6.16

0.00

709

3.57

2.87, 4.44

0.00

 Any financial worries*†

Occasionally / Never

1314

REF

REF

REF

1298

REF

REF

REF

Sometimes / All of the time

997

3.83

2.97, 4.93

0.00

976

3.58

2.87, 4.45

0.00

 Nearest gay venue with easy reach

Don’t know

166

REF

REF

REF

168

REF

REF

REF

Too far

401

0.90

0.58, 1.50

0.68

389

1.41

0.87, 2.30

0.16

4

263

1.04

0.61, 1.79

0.88

262

1.45

0.87, 2.42

0.16

3

414

1.03

0.62, 1.70

0.90

409

1.52

9.40, 2.45

0.09

2

547

1.00

0.61, 1.62

0.98

538

1.31

0.82, 2.09

0.26

Nearby

519

0.81

0.49, 1.33

0.40

506

1.31

0.82, 2.12

0.26

 HIV status*†

HIV positive

193

REF

REF

REF

192

REF

REF

REF

HIV negative

1809

0.66

0.45, 0.97

0.34

1777

0.59

0.42, 0.83

0.00

Don’t know

304

0.99

0.62, 1.57

0.95

302

0.79

0.52, 1.20

0.27

Behavioural factors

 Frequency of gay scene use

Never - 4/5 times a week (1–5)

2312

0.97

0.85, 1.10

0.64

2274

0.92

0.82, 1.03

0.15

 Frequency of website use

Never - Daily use (1–4)

2229

0.94

0.84, 1.05

0.29

2233

0.94

0.85, 1.04

0.23

 Frequency of App use*†

Never - Daily use (1–4)

2222

1.18

1.07, 1.31

0.01

2226

1.18

1.08, 1.29

0.00

 Condomless sex *

No

1450

REF

REF

REF

1432

REF

REF

REF

Yes

842

1.31

1.03, 1.66

0.03

824

1.23

0.99, 1.51

0.06

 Problematic alcohol use*†

Safe

1343

REF

REF

REF

1352

REF

REF

REF

Hazardous

719

1.34

1.04, 1.73

0.03

716

1.38

1.11, 1.73

0.01

 Party drug use in last 12 months*†

No

1933

REF

REF

REF

1898

REF

REF

REF

Yes

386

1.40

1.05, 1.87

0.02

385

1.33

1.03, 1.73

0.03

Minority stressors

 Stigma* †

Low to high (0–80)

1959

1.03

1.02, 1.05

0.00

1949

1.03

1.02, 1.04

0.00

 Outness* †

Not out to anyone - Out to everyone (1–5)

2314

1.15

1.06, 1.26

0.00

2278

1.15

1.07, 1.24

0.00

 Experienced any form of relationship abuse in last 12 months*†

No

1611

REF

REF

REF

1589

REF

REF

REF

Yes

445

2.69

2.07, 3.51

0.00

439

3.16

2.49, 4.02

0.00

Resilience factors

 Emotional competency*†

Low - High (1–7)

1810

6.86

5.42, 8.69

0.00

1816

5.11

4.21, 6.19

0.00

 Sense of coherence*†

Low - High (0–13)

1835

0.86

0.85, 0.88

0.00

1837

0.87

0.86, 0.89

0.00

  1. *Taken forward to depression hierarchal logistic regression analysis (p < 0.05)
  2. †Taken forward to anxiety hierarchal logistic regression analysis (p < 0.05)