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Table 3 Contributions of Demographic Characteristics, Ability to Benefit, and Knowledge and Attitudes to Racial/Ethnic and Prior Willingness Differences in Regulation Responses

From: Racial/ethnic and prior willingness disparities in potential living kidney donors’ self-assessed responses to advancing American kidney health regulation

Mediation Modela

Ind. Var.

Less Likely

More Likely

Red. Coef.

P

Full Coef.

P

% Med.

Red. Coef.

P

Full Coef.

P

% Med.

Travel and Food Reimbursement

 Bivariate + Demog.-Adj.

Minorityb

0.063

0.002

0.067

0.002

−5.9

− 0.028

0.453

− 0.033

0.409

−17.9

Conc. Yesc

− 0.032

0.096

− 0.036

0.067

−13.2

0.098

0.018

0.097

0.022

1.1

Hyp. Yesc

− 0.053

0.026

− 0.055

0.023

−3.9

0.168

0.000

0.168

0.000

− 0.1

 Demog.-Adj. + Ability to Benefit

Minority

0.059

0.961

0.082

0.001

−38.7

−0.027

0.494

−0.039

0.325

−44.0

Conc. Yes

−0.027

0.995

−0.042

0.066

−54.6

0.101

0.016

0.080

0.064

21.4

Hyp. Yes

−0.049

0.987

−0.063

0.022

−29.1

0.172

0.000

0.153

0.001

11.2

 Demog.-Adj. + Knowledge & Attitudes

Minority

0.064

0.003

0.069

0.002

−7.1

−0.026

0.498

− 0.030

0.437

−14.9

Conc. Yes

−0.038

0.054

−0.024

0.232

37.6

0.094

0.022

0.030

0.482

67.7

Hyp. Yes

−0.057

0.017

−0.046

0.052

19.3

0.168

0.000

0.104

0.016

37.9

 Demog.-Adj. + Ability to Benefit + Knowledge & Attitudes

Minority

0.058

0.936

0.082

0.001

−42.2

−0.023

0.544

− 0.031

0.419

−33.8

Conc. Yes

−0.029

0.982

−0.030

0.195

−5.4

0.094

0.021

0.027

0.539

71.9

Hyp. Yes

−0.048

0.955

−0.052

0.050

−7.8

0.168

0.000

0.099

0.022

40.8

Raised Income Limit

 Bivariate + Demog.-Adj.

Minority

0.078

0.000

0.074

0.001

4.3

−0.013

0.750

−0.030

0.493

− 130.0

Conc. Yes

−0.008

0.726

−0.011

0.621

−43.1

0.080

0.082

0.071

0.133

11.8

Hyp. Yes

−0.019

0.425

−0.020

0.396

−7.5

0.145

0.002

0.141

0.003

2.5

 Demog.-Adj. + Ability to Benefit

Minority

0.073

0.001

0.078

0.001

−5.8

−0.023

0.599

−0.040

0.351

−77.7

Conc. Yes

−0.013

0.583

−0.008

0.737

38.5

0.076

0.105

0.043

0.360

42.6

Hyp. Yes

−0.022

0.362

−0.018

0.455

18.3

0.146

0.002

0.119

0.013

18.8

 Demog.-Adj. + Knowledge & Attitudes

Minority

0.077

0.001

0.074

0.001

3.6

−0.027

0.524

−0.031

0.466

−14.8

Conc. Yes

−0.011

0.628

−0.013

0.593

−16.4

0.068

0.134

−0.002

0.962

103.3

Hyp. Yes

−0.020

0.397

−0.018

0.457

9.3

0.141

0.002

0.069

0.145

51.1

 Demog.-Adj. + Ability to Benefit + Knowledge & Attitudes

Minority

0.076

0.001

0.077

0.001

−1.5

−0.024

0.568

− 0.037

0.377

−55.2

Conc. Yes

−0.012

0.597

−0.011

0.644

7.7

0.070

0.121

−0.011

0.811

116.3

Hyp. Yes

−0.021

0.378

−0.017

0.497

20.4

0.142

0.002

0.060

0.208

58.0

Dependent Care Reimbursement

 Bivariate + Demog.-Adj.

Minority

0.095

0.967

0.070

0.002

26.2

0.006

0.876

−0.001

0.985

113.3

Conc. Yes

0.020

0.518

0.013

0.558

35.6

0.031

0.499

0.028

0.557

11.5

Hyp. Yes

−0.003

0.997

−0.013

0.592

− 380.6

0.111

0.020

0.108

0.025

2.4

 Demog.-Adj. + Ability to Benefit

Minority

0.071

0.002

0.069

0.002

2.1

0.003

0.942

−0.003

0.939

205.8

Conc. Yes

0.014

0.507

0.014

0.525

2.3

0.030

0.530

0.019

0.689

35.4

Hyp. Yes

−0.013

0.593

−0.013

0.605

1.9

0.110

0.022

0.101

0.039

8.3

 Demog.-Adj. + Knowledge & Attitudes

Minority

0.071

0.002

0.067

0.003

5.3

0.000

0.991

0.003

0.938

824.3

Conc. Yes

0.013

0.555

0.009

0.688

29.1

0.024

0.599

−0.023

0.629

195.8

Hyp. Yes

− 0.014

0.565

− 0.014

0.580

1.7

0.108

0.022

0.054

0.263

49.3

 Demog.-Adj. + Ability to Benefit + Knowledge & Attitudes

Minority

0.072

0.001

0.067

0.003

6.3

0.002

0.970

0.004

0.933

− 120.3

Conc. Yes

0.014

0.526

0.010

0.646

24.1

0.025

0.596

−0.023

0.639

192.7

Hyp. Yes

−0.015

0.547

−0.014

0.578

4.6

0.107

0.023

0.054

0.273

49.7

Lost Wage Reimbursement

 Bivariate + Demog.-Adj.

Minority

0.055

0.003

0.063

0.002

−13.7

−0.032

0.390

−0.035

0.376

−10.2

Conc. Yes

0.063

0.016

0.066

0.013

−4.5

0.029

0.508

0.036

0.410

−27.1

Hyp. Yes

0.002

0.944

0.004

0.884

− 106.6

0.094

0.035

0.099

0.028

−5.3

 Demog.-Adj. + Ability to Benefit

Minority

0.066

0.411

0.072

0.001

−8.2

−0.032

0.415

−0.040

0.316

−23.3

Conc. Yes

0.099

0.968

0.068

0.014

31.8

0.039

0.379

0.032

0.478

18.2

Hyp. Yes

0.040

0.988

0.002

0.951

95.2

0.102

0.024

0.097

0.034

4.7

 Demog.-Adj. + Knowledge & Attitudes

Minority

0.064

0.002

0.060

0.003

6.2

−0.034

0.378

−0.023

0.555

33.0

Conc. Yes

0.066

0.012

0.064

0.016

3.1

0.031

0.465

−0.013

0.776

140.5

Hyp. Yes

0.005

0.878

0.005

0.874

−4.3

0.096

0.027

0.044

0.333

54.8

 Demog.-Adj. + Ability to Benefit + Knowledge & Attitudes

Minority

0.066

0.644

0.068

0.002

−2.1

−0.033

0.398

−0.024

0.534

26.2

Conc. Yes

0.102

0.990

0.064

0.021

37.0

0.032

0.457

−0.009

0.836

129.1

Hyp. Yes

0.043

0.996

0.001

0.966

96.9

0.096

0.027

0.047

0.297

51.1

  1. aAll analyses were conducted using the Karlson, Holm, and Breen (KHB) method
  2. bReference category is ‘White’
  3. cReference category is ‘No’
  4. P-values statistically significant at the p < 0.05 level are highlighted in bold and italics. ‘Ind. Var.’ stands for independent variable; ‘Conc. Yes’ stands for concrete yes; ‘Hyp. Yes’ stands for hypothetical yes; ‘Red. Coef.’ stands for reduced model coefficient; ‘Full Coef.’ stands for full model coefficient; ‘% Med.’ stands for percent mediated. ‘Minority’ represents all racial/ethnic minorities in the sample, including Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Other. ‘Demog.-Adj.’ stands for sociodemographic controls, including age, gender, and political identification. Ability to benefit from AAKH regulatory provisions is measured by labor force status, dependent care expense strain, and other expense strain. Knowledge is self-assessed and measured through a factual test. Attitudes include trust in medicine and religious objections to transplantation