Table 3 Baseline sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics of the NHANES 2009–2014 study sample according to urinary pesticide metabolites (N = 4,478)
N | 2,4-D GM (SE) (u/mL) | 3-PBA GM (SE) (u/mL) | pNP GM (SE) (u/mL) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | 4478 | 0.30 (0.01) | 0.56 (0.02) | 0.54 (0.02) |
Sex | ||||
Male | 2190 | 0.34 (0.01) | 0.57 (0.03) | 0.60 (0.02) |
Female | 2288 | 0.28 (0.01) | 0.54 (0.02) | 0.50 (0.02) |
p | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.45 | |
Age group | ||||
< 30 years | 766 | 0.29 (0.01) | 0.56 (0.04) | 0.60 (0.03) |
30–39 years | 731 | 0.27 (0.01) | 0.54 (0.03) | 0.55 (0.03) |
40–49 years | 774 | 0.30 (0.02) | 0.55 (0.04) | 0.54 (0.03) |
50–59 years | 751 | 0.30 (0.01) | 0.57 (0.04) | 0.48 (0.03) |
≥ 60 years | 1456 | 0.35 (0.01) | 0.56 (0.03) | 0.55 (0.03) |
p | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.21 | |
Race/ethnicity | ||||
Hispanic | 1052 | 0.26 (0.01) | 0.52 (0.03) | 0.57 (0.03) |
NH White | 2015 | 0.32 (0.01) | 0.55 (0.02) | 0.52 (0.02) |
NH Black | 917 | 0.30 (0.01) | 0.66 (0.04) | 0.63 (0.04) |
Other | 494 | 0.27 (0.01) | 0.55 (0.06) | 0.60 (0.03) |
p | 0.94 | 0.20 | 0.12 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
Underweight (BMI < 18.5) | 101 | 0.30 (0.04) | 0.62 (0.12) | 0.56 (0.08) |
Normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9) | 1229 | 0.28 (0.01) | 0.51 (0.03) | 0.53 (0.02) |
Overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9) | 1446 | 0.31 (0.01) | 0.55 (0.03) | 0.53 (0.02) |
Obese (BMI ≥ 30) | 1702 | 0.33 (0.01) | 0.60 (0.02) | 0.56 (0.02) |
p | 0.13 | 0.30 | 0.22 | |
Smoking Behavior | ||||
Never Smoker | 2506 | 0.31 (0.01) | 0.53 (0.02) | 0.51 (0.02) |
Current Smoker | 914 | 0.25 (0.01) | 0.57 (0.03) | 0.60 (0.03) |
Former smoker | 1058 | 0.34 (0.02) | 0.62 (0.04) | 0.58 (0.03) |
p | 0.82 | 0.04 | 0.82 | |
Marital status | ||||
Never married | 875 | 0.28 (0.01) | 0.50 (0.03) | 0.58 (0.03) |
Married/living with partner | 2644 | 0.32 (0.01) | 0.55 (0.02) | 0.53 (0.02) |
Separated, divorced, widowed | 959 | 0.29 (0.01) | 0.65 (0.04) | 0.55 (0.03) |
p | 0.70 | 0.003 | 0.55 | |
Educational Attainment | ||||
< 9 years | 409 | 0.32 (0.02) | 0.56 (0.05) | 0.60 (0.04) |
9–11 years | 633 | 0.27 (0.01) | 0.56 (0.04) | 0.55 (0.02) |
12 years | 976 | 0.28 (0.01) | 0.53 (0.03) | 0.50 (0.02) |
> 12 years | 2460 | 0.32 (0.01) | 0.56 (0.02) | 0.55 (0.02) |
p | 0.86 | 0.49 | 0.52 | |
Moderate Physical Activity | ||||
None | 2592 | 0.30 (0.01) | 0.54 (0.02) | 0.54 (0.02) |
Any | 1886 | 0.31 (0.01) | 0.58 (0.03) | 0.55 (0.02) |
p | 0.45 | 0.51 | 0.07 | |
Poverty-Income Ratio (PIR) | ||||
No Poverty (PIR ≥ 1.0) | 3233 | 0.31 (0.01) | 0.55 (0.02) | 0.53 (0.02) |
Any Poverty (PIR < 1.0) | 1245 | 0.28 (0.01) | 0.60 (0.0) | 0.60 (0.02) |
p | 0.06 | 0.94 | 0.88 | |
Household Food Insecurity (HFI) | ||||
None | 3064 | 0.31 (0.01) | 0.54 (0.02) | 0.53 (0.02) |
Any | 1414 | 0.28 (0.01) | 0.62 (0.04) | 0.58 (0.02) |
p | 0.02 | 0.17 | 0.20 | |