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Table 2 Change in smoking norm perceptions as well as pupil use, and exposure to, smoking and e-cigarettes with ORs and 95% CI for logistic regression analyses (unless otherwise stated) adjusted for gender and region

From: Changes in childhood experimentation with, and exposure to, tobacco and e-cigarettes and perceived smoking norms: a repeated cross-sectional study of 10–11 year olds’ in Wales

 

Whole sample

Children with at least one smoking parent figure

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

P

Pupil’s awareness of e-cigarettes, ever use of e-cigarettes and tobacco, and smoking susceptibility

 Smoking susceptibility N = 6647/2654

2007

1.32 (1.01 to 1.72)

0.045

1.18 (0.80 to 1.73)

0.407

2008

1.43 (1.10 to 1.87)

0.008

1.32 (0.90 to 1.91)

0.151

2014

1.00

1.00

2019

1.03 (0.80 to 1.32)

0.838

0.95 (0.67 to 1.35)

0.782

 Ever smoked N = 6711/2677

2007

2.85 (1.68 to 4.82)

< 0.001

2.99 (1.55 to 5.76)

0.001

2008

2.20 (1.17 to 4.12)

0.015

2.89 (1.37 to 6.10)

< 0.001

2014

1.00

1.00

 

2019

0.53 (0.27 to 1.04)

0.066

0.71 (0.33 to 1.56)

0.396

 Heard of e-cigarettes N = 3533/1278

2014

1.00

 

1.00

 

2019

2.56 (2.12 to 3.10)

< 0.001

3.45 (2.56 to 4.65)

< 0.001

 Ever used an e-cigarette N = 3499/1268

2014

1.00

1.00

 

2019

0.80 (0.57 to 1.13)

0.206

0.95 (0.59 to 1.50)

0.812

Parental smoking and vaping

 Parent figures smoke N = 6475

2007

1.32 (1.10 to 1.58)

0.003

 

2008

1.18 (0.99 to 1.39)

0.060

 

2014

1.00

 

2019

0.85 (0.68 to 1.05)

0.130

 

 Parent figure uses e-cigarettes N = 3330b/1203

2014

1.00

1.00

2019

1.26 (1.00 to 1.57)

0.046

1.24 (0.97 to 1.57)

0.085

Exposure to tobacco and e-cigarettes in the home

 Parent figures smoke in the home N = 6501/2605

2007

2.05 (1.71 to 2.47)

< 0.001

2.71 (2.05 to 3.57)

< 0.001

2008

1.73 (1.43 to 2.10)

< 0.001

2.21 (1.71 to 2.84)

< 0.001

2014

1.00

1.00

2019

0.79 (0.63 to 0.99)

0.042

0.80 (0.64 to 1.00)

0.046

 Someone smoking in home yesterday N = 6605/2626

2007

2.35 (1.88 to 2.94)

< 0.001

2.58 (2.03 to 3.27)

< 0.001

2008

2.21 (1.78 to 2.74)

< 0.001

2.49 (1.98 to 3.13)

< 0.001

2014

1.00

1.00

2019

0.88 (0.69 to 1.11)

0.273

1.01 (0.79 to 1.29)

0.957

 Smoking rules in the homea N = 5915/2369

Partial vs full restriction. Full restriction is reference

2007

1.52 (1.26 to 1.83)

< 0.001

1.56 (1.24 to 1.95)

< 0.001

2008

1.39 (1.15 to 1.67)

0.001

1.71 (1.37 to 2.13)

< 0.001

2014

1.00

1.00

2019

1.13 (0.91 to 1.40)

0.262

1.40 (1.11 to 1.76)

0.005

None vs full restriction. Full restriction is reference

2007

4.33 (2.91 to 6.44)

< 0.001

4.63 (3.00 to 7.14)

< 0.001

2008

3.36 (2.27 to 4.98)

< 0.001

4.16 (2.73 to 6.32)

< 0.001

2014

1.00

1.00

2019

1.21 (0.83 to 1.77)

0.324

1.23 (0.81 to 1.89)

0.333

 Visitors smoke in the home N = 5536/2032b

2007

2.46 (2.01 to 3.01)

< 0.001

2.83 (2.19 to 3.65)

< 0.001

2008

1.89 (1.54 to 2.32)

< 0.001

2.46 (1.87 to 3.24)

< 0.001

2014

1.00

1.00

2019

0.66 (0.52 to 0.82)

< 0.001

0.72 (0.54 to 0.95)

0.023

 People use e-cigarettes in the home N = 3477/1256

2014

1.00

1.00

2019

1.41 (1.13 to 1.77)

0.003

1.48 (1.12 to 1.95)

0.006

Exposure to tobacco and e-cigarettes in a car

 Smoking allowed in family car N = 6689/2669

2007

2.55 (2.07 to 3.15)

< 0.001

2.41 (1.90 to 3.05)

< 0.001

2008

2.20 (1.75 to 2.76)

< 0.001

2.13 (1.70 to 2.68)

< 0.001

2014

1.00

1.00

2019

0.67 (0.52 to 0.88)

0.004

0.65 (0.50 to 0.85)

0.002

 In a car where someone was smoking yesterday N = 6615/2632

2007

1.83 (1.31 to 2.56)

0.001

1.90 (1.30 to 2.78)

0.001

2008

1.79 (1.31 to 2.43)

< 0.001

1.90 (1.35 to 2.67)

< 0.001

2014

1.00

1.00

2019

0.52 (0.36 to 0.75)

0.001

0.57 (0.37 to 0.88)

0.012

 Sometimes in a car where people are smoking N = 3587/1305

2014

1.00

 

1.00

 

2019

0.64 (0.52 to 0.78)

< 0.001

0.54 (0.42 to 0.70)

< 0.001

 Someone uses e-cigarettes while I am inside car N = 3463/1249

2014

1.00

1.00

2019

1.56 (1.19 to 2.05)

0.002

1.76 (1.25 to 2.48)

0.001

Exposure to smoking and e-cigarettes in public placesc

 Number of public places children reported seeing smoking in the past month N = 3544 / 1284

2014

1.00

1.00

2019

0.74 (0.64 to 0.86)

< 0.001

0.6 (0.48 to 0.76)

< 0.001

 Number of public places children reported seeing e-cigarettes in the past month N = 3461/1260

2014

1.00

1.00

2019

2.18 (0.95 to 1.26)

< 0.001

1.80 (1.43 to 2.26)

< 0.001

Perceived smoking norms

 Most adults in Wales smoke N = 6672/2665

2007

1.39 (1.15 to 1.68)

0.001

1.09 (0.85 to 1.40)

0.483

2008

1.23 (1.02 to 1.48)

0.030

1.11 (0.85 to 1.45)

0.461

2014

1.00

1.00

2019

0.66 (0.54 to 0.80)

< 0.001

0.65 (0.50 to 0.84)

0.001

 More than hardly any children my age smoke N = 6631/2645

2007

1.54 (1.24 to 1.90)

< 0.001

1.28 (0.97 to 1.68)

0.078

2008

1.36 (1.10 to 1.67)

0.005

1.20 (0.90 to 1.60)

0.203

2014

1.00

1.00

2019

0.69 (0.55 to 0.86)

0.001

0.68 (0.51 to 0.91)

0.010

 Mind people smoking around me N = 6591/2631

2007

1.28 (1.00 to 1.65)

0.052

1.58 (1.15 to 2.18)

0.005

2008

1.25 (0.99 to 1.59)

0.064

1.40 (1.03 to 1.90)

0.032

2014

1.00

1.00

2019

0.68 (0.53 to 0.88)

0.003

0.88 (0.63 to 1.22)

0.428

  1. aORs and 95% CI’s from multinomial logistic regression analyses bmissing data exceeds 5% for this item; c ORs and 95% CI’s from ordinal logistic regression analyses