Socio-demographic and -economic factors associated with 30-day readmission for conditions targeted by the hospital readmissions reduction program: a population-based study

Table 1 Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics of index hospitalizations for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, acute myocardial infarction, and stroke^a

	COPD (N = 4,198,163)		PNA (N = 6,312,433)		AMI (N = 2,384,654)		HF (N = 4,496,384)		Stroke (N = 1,862,363)
	Readmit (%) (N = 893,376)	Non-readmit (%) (N = 3,304,787)	Readmit (%) (N = 1,045,993)	Non-readmit (%) (N = 5,266,440)	Readmit (%) (N = 355,040)	Non-readmit (%) (N = 2,029,614)	Readmit (%) (N = 1,080,492)	Non-readmit (%) (N = 3,415,891)	Readmit (%) (N = 238,587)	Non-readmit (%) (N = 1,623,776)
Gender
Female	56	59	49	51	44	37	49	50	51	52
Male	44	41	51	49	56	63	51	50	49	48
Hospital Urban/Rural Designation
Urban	83	81	84	82	91	92	87	86	90	89
Rural	17	19	16	18	9	8	13	14	10	11
Estimated Median Household Income by Zip Code
≥ $64,000	14	14	19	19	18	19	17	18	19	20
$48,000–$63,999	20	21	23	23	22	23	21	22	23	23
$38,000–$47,999	26	27	25	26	26	26	25	25	25	25
≤ $37,999	38	36	32	31	32	30	36	33	32	31
Age
18–39	N/A	N/A	5	6	2	3	3	2	2	2
40–64	39	39	26	26	32	44	27	25	28	32
65–74	29	29	21	18	24	23	22	20	23	22
75–90	32	32	45	42	43	31	49	52	47	44
Comorbidities
CHF	35	26	30	21	–	–	–	–	18	12
Diabetes	31	27	26	22	33	29	25	34	32	29
Hypertension	69	67	62	56	75	72	70	70	83	82
Renal Failure	17	12	24	16	31	17	50	41	20	13
Insurance Type
Medicare	73	70	74	64	70	55	77	76	72	66
Medicaid	14	12	12	13	8	7	11	8	9	8
Private	7.9	12	11	16	15	28	8	11	14	18
Self-pay/No Charge/Other	4.4	6	4	6	6	11	4	6	6	8
Length of Stay (days)
≤ 2	24	29	14	23	24	38	22	26	23	33
3–5	44	46	39	44	39	39	42	44	40	42
> 5	32	25	47	32	36	22	36	29	36	23
Number of Comorbidities
≤ 5	27	36	35	46	18	32	13	17	24	33
6–7	26	27	25	22	25	29	23	26	27	29
8–9	22	19	20	15	24	20	26	26	23	20
> 9	25	18	20	12	33	19	38	32	26	18

Abbreviations: COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, PNA pneumonia, AMI acute myocardial infarction, HF heart failure, CHF congestive heart failure
^a Readmit was defined as those patients that required a hospital readmission within 30 days of the index admission. All other patients were included in the non-readmit category

ISSN: 1471-2458