Multiple health behaviour change primary care intervention for smoking cessation, physical activity and healthy diet in adults 45 to 75 years old (EIRA study): a hybrid effectiveness-implementation cluster randomised trial

Table 3 Effect of the EIRA intervention or usual care on positive change and quantification of overall impact of intervention

Outcomes		EIRA intervention, n/N (%)	Usual care, n/N (%)	NNC (95% CI)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted* OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted† OR (95% CI)	P value
1	Positive change in two or three behaviours	215/1481 (14.5)	141/1581 (8.9)	18 (12.7 to 30.1)	1.75 (1.30 to 2.36)	< 0.001	1.82 (1.19 to 2.77)	0.005	1.70 (1.09 to 2.63)	0.018
2	Positive change in any behaviour	810/1481 (54.7)	693/1581 (43.8)	10 (7.0 to 13.6)	1.55 (1.32 to 1.81)	< 0.001	1.60 (1.14 to 2.25)	0.006	1.48 (1.05 to 2.10)	0.027
3	Positive change in smoking behaviour	158/638 (24.8)	126/697 (18.1)	15 (9.0 to 43.8)	1.40 (1.04 to 1.89)	0.028	1.37 (0.93 to 2.01)	0.111	1.30 (0.89 to 2.03)	0.165
4	Positive change in physical activity behaviour	372/1345 (27.7)	351/1448 (24.2)	30 (15.0 to 609.9)	1.17 (0.98 to 1.41)	0.088	1.23 (0.79 to 1.92)	0.362	1.07 (0.74 to 1.54)	0.737
5	Positive change in diet behaviour	442/1384 (31.9)	317/1482 (21.4)	10 (7.3 to 13.7)	1.75 (1.45 to 2.11)	< 0.001	1.83 (1.26 to 2.66)	0.002	1.87 (1.30 to 2.68)	0.001

NNC, Number needed for change; CI, Confidence interval; OR, Odds Ratio;
*Adjusted for cluster effect. Intracluster correlation coefficient was for outcome 1, 0.040 (95% CI 0.016 to 0.094); for outcome 2, 0.042 (95% CI 0.021 to 0.080); for outcome 3, 0.027 (95% CI 0.009 to 0.087); for outcome 4, 0.072 (95% CI 0.038 to 0.132), and for outcome 5, 0.047 (95% CI 0.024 to 0.093)
†Adjusted for cluster effect and variables at participant level and at cluster level: average age of health care professionals, average time (years) working in the same PHC centre, and PHC training centre (yes/no) and variables at participant level: baseline stage of change, age, and sex, co-occurrence of unhealthy behaviours, education level, employment situation of participant

Overall impact factor [51]

Target behaviour	Proportion at risk^a	Efficacy EIRA intervention or usual care^b	Individual impact factor^c	Impact factor on participants^d	Impact factor on the population^e
EIRA intervention
Smoking	0.431	0.248	0.11	0.66	0.43
Insufficient physical activity	0.908	0.277	0.25
Non-adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern	0.935	0.319	0.30
Usual care
Smoking	0.441	0.181	0.08	0.50	0.37
Insufficient physical activity	0.916	0.242	0.22
Non-adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern	0.937	0.214	0.20

^aProportion of the target behaviour in the study sample at baseline
^bProportion of participants who reached a positive change for each behaviour
^cProportion at risk (a) multiplied by the efficacy of the EIRA intervention or usual care (b)
^dSum of individual impact factors
^eImpact factor on participants (d) multiplied by recruitment rate (0.655 in intervention centres and 0.744 in control centres)

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