Table 2 Baseline characteristics at cluster and individual levels of randomised groups: usual care (control) and EIRA intervention
Usual care | EIRA Intervention | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cluster level (PHC centre) | ||||
Characteristics of the PHC centres | n = 13 | n = 12 | n = 25 | |
Population assigned, mean (SD) | 21,816 (13974) | 22,881 (7662) | 22,327 (11173) | |
Population age, mean (SD) | 44.5 (4.9) | 42.0 (4.0) | 43.3 (4.6) | |
% immigrant population, mean (SD) | 12.6 (10.9) | 11.8 (9.1) | 12.2 (9.9) | |
Number of healthcare professionals working in the PHC centre, mean (SD) | ||||
Physicians | 14.7 (7.9) | 12.2 (5.3) | 13.5 (6.8) | |
Nurses | 13.3 (9.5) | 12.2 (5.6) | 12.8 (7.8) | |
Training centre for PHC professionals, n(%) | 11 (84.6) | 8 (66.7) | 19 (76.0) | |
Characteristics of professionals who participated in the survey | n = 208 | n = 223 | n = 431 | |
Age (years), mean (SD) | 49.9 (11.20) | 48.8 (11.15) | 49.3 (11.17) | |
Time (years) working in PHC, mean (SD) | 19.1 (11.98) | 18.3 (11.16) | 18.7 (11.55) | |
Time (years) working in the same PHC centre, mean (SD) | 9.8 (8.44) | 9.4 (8.35) | 9.6 (8.38) | |
Female, n (%) | 165 (79.3) | 179 (80.3) | 344 (79.8) | |
Academic training, n (%) | ||||
- Master’s or PhD training | 27 (13.0) | 42 (18.8) | 69 (16.1) | |
Healthy behaviours, n (%) | ||||
- Non-smokers/Ex-smokers | 175 (84.1) | 165 (74.0) | 340 (78.8) | |
- Sufficiently active | 129 (62.0) | 122 (54.7) | 251 (58.2) | |
- Mediterranean diet adherent | 119 (57.2) | 121 (54,3) | 240 (55.7) | |
Survey of Organizational Attributes for Primary Care, mean (SD)* | n = 185 | n = 182 | n = 367 | |
- Communication | 6.6 (1.7) | 6.5 (1.7) | 6.5 (1.7) | |
- Practice-wide decision-making | 6.6 (1.8) | 6.3 (2.0) | 6.4 (1.9) | |
- Nurses’ participation in decision-making | 7.0 (1.9) | 6.6 (2.2) | 6.8 (2.1) | |
- Stress/chaos | 5.3 (1.8) | 4.7 (1.8) | 5.0 (1.8) | |
- History of change | 5.5 (2.1) | 5.1 (2.0) | 5.3 (2.1) | |
Individual level (participants) | ||||
Characteristics of participants | n = 1581 | n = 1481 | n = 3062 | % missing values |
Age (years), median (IQR) | 57 (51–65) | 57 (51–64) | 57 (51–65) | 0.0 |
45–54 years | 612 (38.7) | 574 (38.8) | 1186 (38.7) | |
55–64 years | 519 (32.8) | 558 (37.7) | 1077 (35.2) | |
65–75 years | 450 (28.5) | 349 (23.6) | 799 (26.1) | |
Female, n (%) | 872 (55.2) | 809 (54.6) | 1681 (54.9) | 0.0 |
Smokers, n(%) | 697 (44.1) | 638 (43.1) | 1335 (43.6) | 0.0 |
Insufficiently active, n (%) | 1448 (91.6) | 1345 (90.8) | 2793 (91.2) | 0.0 |
Non-adherent Mediterranean dietary pattern, n (%) | 1482 (93.7) | 1384 (93.5) | 2866 (93.6) | 0.0 |
Co-occurrence of unhealthy behaviours | 0.0 | |||
Non-adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern & Insufficient physical activity | 884 (55.9) | 843 (56.9) | 1727 (56.4) | |
Non-adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern & Smoking | 133 (8.4) | 136 (9.2) | 269 (8.8) | |
Smoking & Insufficient physical activity | 99 (6.3) | 97 (6.5) | 196 (6.4) | |
Non-adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern & Insufficient physical activity & Smoking | 465 (29.4) | 405 (27.3) | 870 (28.4) | |
Stage of change: smoking, n (%) | ||||
Precontemplation | 398 (25.2) | 168 (11.3) | 566 (18.5) | 4.1 |
Contemplation | 196 (12.4) | 163 (11.0) | 359 (11.7) | |
Preparation | 66 (4.2) | 170 (11.5) | 236 (7.7) | |
Action | 13 (0.8) | 35 (2.4) | 48 (1.6) | |
Maintenance/Termination | 885 (56.0) | 841 (56.8) | 1726 (56.4) | |
Stage of change: physical activity, n (%) | ||||
Precontemplation | 643 (40.7%) | 152 (10.3) | 795 (26.0) | 8.0 |
Contemplation | 389 (24.6) | 229 (15.5) | 618 (20.2) | |
Preparation | 204 (12.9) | 516 (34.8) | 720 (23.5) | |
Action | 137 (8.7) | 266 (18.0) | 403 (13.2) | |
Maintenance/Termination | 175 (11.1) | 107 (7.2) | 282 (9.2) | |
Stage of change: Mediterranean dietary pattern, n (%) | ||||
Precontemplation | 554 (35.0) | 98 (6.6) | 652 (21.3) | 7.8 |
Contemplation | 295 (18.7) | 220 (14.9) | 515 (16.8) | |
Preparation | 206 (13.0) | 619 (41.8) | 825 (26.9) | |
Action | 179 (11.3) | 244 (16.5) | 423 (13.8) | |
Maintenance/Termination | 318 (20.1) | 89 (6.0) | 407 (13.3) | |
Stages of change: Pre-action in any behaviour | 1442 (91.2%) | 1135 (76.6%) | 2577 (84.1%) | 7.9 |
Country of origin, n (%) | ||||
Spain | 1479 (93.5) | 1369 (92.4) | 2848 (93.0) | 0.9 |
Other countries | 97 (6.1) | 89 (6.0) | 186 (6.1) | |
Education level, n (%) | ||||
Secondary or higher | 888 (56.2) | 820 (55.4) | 1708 (55.8) | 0.9 |
Primary or lower | 684 (43.3) | 641 (43.3) | 1325 (43.3) | |
Employment status, n (%) | ||||
Employed | 713 (45.1) | 661 (44.6) | 1374 (44.9) | 1.0 |
Unemployed | 141 (8.9) | 145 (9.8) | 286 (9.3) | |
Homemaker | 194 (12.3) | 174 (11.7) | 368 (12.0) | |
Retired | 431 (27.3) | 371 (25.1) | 802 (26.2) | |
Other (student or incapacity for work) | 96 (6.1) | 105 (7.1) | 201 (6.6) | |
Civil Status, n (%) | ||||
Married or cohabiting | 1055 (66.7) | 1024 (69.1) | 2079 (67.9) | 0.8 |
Unmarried or single | 520 (32.9) | 437 (29.5) | 957 (31.3) | |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 206 (179–232) | 203 (178–232) | 204 (178–232) | 8.2 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 126 (105–150) | 124 (101–151) | 125 (103–150) | 17.2 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 52 (43–62) | 50 (43–60) | 51 (43–61) | 13.3 |
BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 28.4 (25.3–32.4) | 30.1 (24.5–34.0) | 29.4 (25.8–33.2) | 1.1 |
COPD, n (%) | 60 (3.8) | 65 (4.4) | 125 (4.1) | 0.8 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 610 (38.6) | 587 (39.6) | 1197 (39.1) | 0.8 |
Diabetes, n(%) | 323 (20.4) | 277 (18.7) | 600 (19.6) | 0.5 |
Health-related quality of life by the EQ-5D index, median (IQR) | 0.80 (0.71–1.00) | 0.79 (0.70–1.00) | 0.79 (0.70–1.00) | 1.5 |