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Table 1 Characteristics of study participants according to depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms

From: Associations between depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, their comorbidity and health-related quality of life: a large-scale cross-sectional study

Variable

Total (n = 23,496)

Depressive symptoms

P

Anxiety symptoms

P

Depressive (n = 1320)

Non-depressive (n = 22,176)

Anxiety (n = 1198)

Non-anxiety (n = 22,298)

Age (year, mean ± SD)

55.28 ± 12.63

56.40 ± 12.33

55.22 ± 12.64

0.001

56.16 ± 11.81

55.24 ± 12.67

0.009

Women n (%)

13,959 (59.41)

886 (67.12)

13,073 (58.95)

< 0.001

842 (70.28)

13,117 (58.83)

< 0.001

Educational level n (%)

 Elementary school or below

10,110 (43.03)

682 (51.67)

9428 (42.51)

< 0.001

635 (53.01)

9475 (42.49)

< 0.001

 Junior high school

8979 (38.22)

459 (34.77)

8520 (38.42)

 

413 (34.47)

8566 (38.42)

 

 Senior high school or above

4407 (18.75)

179 (13.56)

4228 (19.07)

 

150 (12.52)

4257 (19.09)

 

Married/cohabiting n (%)

21,195 (90.21)

1157 (87.65)

20,038 (90.36)

0.002

1053 (87.90)

20,142 (90.33)

0.006

Average monthly income n (%)

  < 500 RMB

8680 (36.94)

657 (49.77)

8023 (36.18)

< 0.001

551 (45.99)

8129 (36.46)

< 0.001

 500- RMB

7452 (31.72)

325 (24.62)

7127 (32.14)

 

314 (26.21)

7138 (32.01)

 

  ≥ 1000 RMB

7364 (31.34)

338 (25.61)

7026 (31.68)

 

333 (27.80)

7031 (31.53)

 

Physical activity n (%)

 Low

8113 (34.53)

484 (36.67)

7629 (34.40)

0.215

365 (30.47)

7748 (34.75)

0.009

 Moderate

7819 (33.28)

432 (32.73)

7387 (33.31)

 

430 (35.89)

7389 (33.14)

 

 High

7564 (32.19)

404 (30.60)

7160 (32.29)

 

403 (33.64)

7161 (32.11)

 

Current smoking n (%)

4707 (20.03)

211 (15.98)

4496 (20.27)

< 0.001

174 (14.52)

4533 (20.33)

< 0.001

Current drinking n (%)

4257 (18.12)

173 (13.11)

4084 (18.42)

< 0.001

146 (12.19)

4111 (18.44)

< 0.001

Chronic disease* n (%)

14,578 (62.04)

844 (63.94)

13,734 (61.93)

0.153

740 (61.77)

13,838 (62.06)

0.855

BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)

24.99 ± 3.60

24.67 ± 3.80

25.00 ± 3.59

0.002

24.59 ± 3.59

25.01 ± 3.60

< 0.001

Utility index (mean ± SD)

0.954 ± 0.111

0.829 ± 0.224

0.962 ± 0.095

< 0.001

0.835 ± 0.222

0.961 ± 0.097

< 0.001

VAS scores (mean ± SD)

78.33 ± 14.80

66.71 ± 18.27

79.04 ± 14.25

< 0.001

67.43 ± 18.10

78.94 ± 14.34

< 0.001

  1. *Chronic diseases including hypertension, dyslipidemia, T2DM, CHD and stroke
  2. Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation; RMB, Renminbi; BMI, Body mass index