|
Outcome variables
|
Devaluing feelings
|
Appreciative feelings
|
Regretful and anxious feelings
|
Social distance
|
Accusing statements
|
Devaluing statements
|
Appreciative statements
|
|---|
|
female
|
male
|
female
|
male
|
female
|
male
|
female
|
male
|
female
|
male
|
female
|
male
|
female
|
male
|
|---|
|
Models
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
(5)
|
(6)
|
(7)
|
(8)
|
(9)
|
(10)
|
(11)
|
(12)
|
(13)
|
(14)
|
|
Caregiver’s working status (Ref. no, non-working)
|
−0.04
|
−0.05
|
0.09
|
0.10
|
0.08
|
0.04
|
−0.11+
|
−0.10+
|
−0.02
|
−0.02
|
−0.00
|
0.00
|
0.14**
|
0.07
|
| |
(0.04)
|
(0.04)
|
(0.07)
|
(0.07)
|
(0.08)
|
(0.08)
|
(0.06)
|
(0.06)
|
(0.06)
|
(0.06)
|
(0.06)
|
(0.06)
|
(0.05)
|
(0.06)
|
|
Constant
|
1.93***
|
1.58***
|
3.11***
|
3.29***
|
3.22***
|
3.07***
|
2.18***
|
2.08***
|
2.07***
|
1.88***
|
2.31***
|
1.95***
|
3.97***
|
4.11***
|
| |
(0.10)
|
(0.10)
|
(0.16)
|
(0.17)
|
(0.19)
|
(0.22)
|
(0.14)
|
(0.16)
|
(0.14)
|
(0.15)
|
(0.15)
|
(0.16)
|
(0.14)
|
(0.14)
|
|
Observations
|
525
|
503
|
522
|
505
|
526
|
505
|
527
|
506
|
524
|
503
|
527
|
505
|
528
|
505
|
|
R2
|
0.095
|
0.034
|
0.091
|
0.042
|
0.067
|
0.061
|
0.028
|
0.023
|
0.012
|
0.020
|
0.045
|
0.039
|
0.083
|
0.068
|
- Unstandardized regression coefficients and robust standard errors in parentheses. Emotional reactions to informal caregiving (devaluing feelings, appreciative feelings, regretful and anxious feelings) Range 1–5, higher scores indicating higher agreement with the emotions; behavioral reactions to informal caregiving (social distance) Range 1–5, higher scores indicating higher social distance; cognitive reactions to informal caregiving (accusing statements, devaluing statements, appreciative statements) Range 1–5, higher scores indicating higher agreement with the statements. Sociodemographic information on the participants was included as covariates (age, gender, education, and marital status). Level of significance: *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, + p < 0.10
