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Table 4 The distribution of household disorganization and neighborhood noise according to cohort characteristics

From: A mixed methods analysis of environmental and household chaos: considerations for early-childhood obesity research

 

Household Disorganization

Neighborhood Noise

(Range: 0–7.3)

(Range: 0–4)

 

Mean

SD

P Value

Mean

SD

P Value

Overall

2.1

(1.8)

–

1.6

(1.1)

–

Child Characteristics

Gestational Age at Birth

37–41 Completed Weeks (term)

2.0

(1.8)

0.14

1.5

(1.1)

0.43

< 37 Completed Weeks (preterm)

2.3

(1.7)

 

1.6

(1.0)

 

Sex

Boy

2.1

(1.7)

0.97

1.6

(1.1)

0.90

Girl

2.1

(1.8)

 

1.6

(1.1)

 

Primary Respondent Characteristics

Age (years) at enrollment

18 to < 21

3.4

(1.7)

< 0.001

2.4

(0.9)

0.02

21 to < 25

2.9

(1.7)

 

2.0

(1.1)

 

25 to < 30

2.3

(1.9)

 

1.4

(1.0)

 

30 to < 35

1.7

(1.6)

 

1.5

(1.1)

 

35 to < 40

1.6

(1.8)

 

1.5

(1.1)

 

40 or older

2.2

(1.7)

 

1.3

(0.9)

 

Race/Ethnicity

Non-Hispanic white

1.5

(1.6)

< 0.001

1.4

(1.1)

0.01

Non-Hispanic Black

2.8

(1.8)

 

1.8

(1.1)

 

Non-Hispanic other (includes multiple races)

2.5

(1.7)

 

1.7

(0.7)

 

Hispanic

1.6

(1.6)

 

1.2

(0.9)

 

Educational Attainment

High school diploma/GED or less

2.9

(1.6)

< 0.001

2.1

(1.0)

< 0.001

Some college

2.7

(1.9)

 

1.5

(1.1)

 

Bachelor’s degree

1.2

(1.1)

 

1.5

(1.1)

 

Post-graduate degree

1.0

(1.3)

 

1.3

(1.0)

 

Marital Status

Single/Never Married

2.9

(1.8)

< 0.001

1.8

(1.1)

0.02

Married

1.5

(1.6)

 

1.4

(1.1)

 

Living with Partner

2.7

(1.7)

 

1.8

(1.0)

 

Other

2.8

(1.7)

 

1.5

(1.1)

 

Endorsed Symptoms of Depression

No

2.0

(1.8)

0.07

1.6

(1.1)

0.45

Yes

2.7

(1.7)

 

1.7

(1.2)

 

Household Characteristics

 Housing Type

  Single Family Home

1.7

(1.6)

< 0.001

1.4

(1.1)

< 0.001

  Other

2.8

(1.8)

 

1.9

(1.0)

 

 Number of Household Members

  2 members

2.7

(1.9)

< 0.001

1.2

(0.8)

0.26

  3 members

1.5

(1.5)

 

1.7

(1.0)

 

  4 members

1.8

(1.5)

 

1.5

(1.1)

 

  5 or more members

2.8

(1.9)

 

1.5

(1.1)

 

 Food Insecurity

  Food Secure

1.9

(1.7)

< 0.001

1.5

(1.1)

0.05

  Food Insecure

2.8

(1.7)

 

1.9

(1.1)

 

 Annual Household Income

   < $20 thousand

3.0

(1.8)

< 0.001

2.0

(1.1)

< 0.001

  $20 to < $50 thousand

2.5

(1.9)

 

1.6

(1.0)

 

  $50 to < $90 thousand

1.4

(1.1)

 

1.2

(1.0)

 

  $90 thousand or more

1.1

(1.3)

 

1.4

(1.1)

 
  1. Note: Participant characteristics were predominately derived from caregivers surveys collected at the 18-month (enrollment) assessment for Play & Grow. Descriptions of household disorganization and neighborhood noise were derived from direct observations conducted in family homes when children were approximately 24-months of age. Higher scores of household disorganization and neighborhood noise are indicative of higher levels of chaos; SD = standard deviation; P values were calculated using one-way ANOVA; Food insecurity was assessed using the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service’s guidelines for measuring food security. We coded families as having food insecurity if they indicated experiencing any level food insecurity in the 12-months prior to them completing our surveys. Depression symptomology was determined using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Survey, with a score ≥ 16 indicated symptoms of depression