Table 4 Adjusted odds ratios*

Variables

Odds ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Odds ratio (95% CI)

p-value

 Group A

Ref.

Ref.

 Group B

22.64 (14.66–34.99)

< 0.001

3.02 (0.84–10.97)

0.09

 Group C

90.83 (76.33–108.08)

< 0.001

0.54 (0.25–1.18)

0.12

 Group D

36.95 (33.10–41.26)

< 0.001

0.28 (0.12–0.61)

< 0.01

 0

Ref.

Ref.

 1

0.84 (0.66–1.08)

0.19

0.52 (0.20–1.38)

0.19

 2

0.99 (0.79–1.25)

0.94

0.45 (0.18–1.14)

0.09

 3

1.04 (0.84–1.29)

0.73

0.24 (0.09–0.61)

< 0.01

 4

0.88 (0.72–1.07)

0.20

0.19 (0.09–0.42)

< 0.001

Age, years

1.01 (1.00–1.01)

0.08

0.98 (0.95–1.01)

0.17

 Female

1.05 (0.92–1.20)

0.48

1.13 (0.63–2.05)

0.68

 Male

Ref.

Ref.

BMI

1.08 (1.07–1.10)

< 0.001

–

SBP, mmHg

1.01 (1.00–1.01)

< 0.001

–

DBP, mmHg

0.99 (0.98–0.99)

< 0.001

–

Triglyceride, mg/dL

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

< 0.01

HDL, mg/dL

0.99 (0.99–0.99)

< 0.001

1.02 (1.00–1.03)

0.06

GOT, IU/L

0.99 (0.99–1.00)

0.06

–

GPT, IU/L

1.01 (1.01–1.02)

< 0.001

–

γ-GTP, IU/L

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

< 0.001

–

Hemoglobin, g/dL

1.10 (1.05–1.14)

< 0.001

–

Uric acid, mg/dL

–

–

Serum creatinine, mg/dL

1.31 (0.99–1.71)

0.06

–

eGFR, mL/min

1.01 (1.00–1.01)

< 0.001

 Negative

Ref.

Ref.

 Trace

1.19 (0.84–1.69)

0.33

3.18 (1.01–10.00)

< 0.05

 1+

1.69 (1.20–2.37)

< 0.01

1.27 (0.29–5.64)

0.75

 2+

2.47 (1.55–3.92)

< 0.001

4.72 (1.45–15.36)

< 0.05

 3+

2.39 (1.58–3.63)

< 0.001

2.65 (0.83–8.44)

0.10

 Negative

Ref.

Ref.

 Trace

1.14 (0.97–1.33)

0.10

1.39 (0.60–3.22)

0.44

 1+

1.27 (1.02–1.57)

< 0.05

2.24 (0.92–5.47)

0.08

 2+

1.21 (0.82–1.80)

0.34

1.89 (0.42–8.49)

0.41

 3+

1.59 (0.85–2.98)

0.15

–

Anti-hypertensive drugs

1.32 (1.19–1.47)

< 0.001

–

Lipid-lowering drugs

1.37 (1.24–1.52)

< 0.001

0.37 (0.17–0.78)

< 0.01

 Cerebrovascular disease

1.19 (0.97–1.46)

0.09

–

Daily smoking

1.14 (0.98–1.33)

0.08

–