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Table 3 Factors associated with new HIV diagnoses in non-spatial and spatial models, Siaya County

From: Mapping geographic clusters of new HIV diagnoses to inform granular-level interventions for HIV epidemic control in western Kenya

 

Unadjusted relative risk (uRR)

Adjusted relative risk (aRR)

Fixed effects only

Spatially unstructured model

Spatially structured model

Convolution spatially unstructured and structured model

uRR (95% CI)

aRR (95% CI)

aRR (95% CI)

aRR (95% CI)

aRR (95% CI)

Age groups (years)

 15–19

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

 20–24

4.44 (3.73–5.33)

3.55 (2.94–4.31)

3.46 (2.86–4.2)

3.45 (2.85–4.19)

3.45 (2.85–4.2)

 25–35

8.03 (6.84–9.48)

4.78 (3.94–5.83)

4.78 (3.93–5.82)

4.76 (3.92–5.81)

4.76 (3.92–5.81)

  > 35

5.05 (4.3–5.96)

2.44 (1.99–3)

2.45 (2–3.01)

2.44 (1.99–3)

2.44 (1.99–3)

Sex

 Women

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

 Men

0.85 (0.79–0.92)

0.95 (0.88–1.03)

0.96 (0.89–1.04)

0.96 (0.89–1.04)

0.96 (0.89–1.04)

Marital status

 Married monogamous

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

 Married polygamous

1.74 (1.47–2.04)

1.86 (1.57–2.19)

1.84 (1.55–2.17)

1.84 (1.55–2.17)

1.84 (1.55–2.16)

 Separated/divorced

3.71 (3.01–4.51)

3.35 (2.72–4.08)

3.37 (2.73–4.1)

3.36 (2.72–4.08)

3.36 (2.72–4.08)

 Single

0.3 (0.27–0.34)

0.49 (0.42–0.55)

0.5 (0.44–0.57)

0.5 (0.44–0.57)

0.5 (0.44–0.57)

 Widow/widower

0.98 (0.87–1.1)

1.13 (0.99–1.28)

1.1 (0.97–1.24)

1.1 (0.97–1.24)

1.1 (0.97–1.24)

Time since last HIV test

  < 3 months

1.36 (0.94–1.9)

1.31 (0.9–1.81)

1.31 (0.9–1.83)

1.33 (0.91–1.85)

1.33 (0.91–1.85)

 3–12 months

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

  > 12 months

1.58 (1.46–1.71)

1.51 (1.39–1.63)

1.54 (1.41–1.67)

1.53 (1.41–1.66)

1.53 (1.41–1.66)

Never tested

1.3 (1.12–1.5)

2.37 (2.04–2.74)

2.35 (2.02–2.73)

2.35 (2.01–2.72)

2.35 (2.02–2.72)

 Sub-location proportion of total HIV-positive clientsa

1.61 (1.43–1.8)

1.5 (1.34–1.68)

1.49 (1.21–1.82)

1.26 (1.04–1.53)

1.3 (1.07–1.6)

Random effects

 Spatially unstructured precision

 

6.01 (4.37–8.27)

 

17.39 (9.01–36.14)

 Spatially structured precision

  

2.44 (1.67–3.59)

4.97 (2.5–9.24)

Model comparison

 Effective number of parameters

13

125.12

109.09

113.8

 Deviation information criterion

11,153.63

10,816.12

10,811.64

10,810.58

  1. aThe proportion of total HIV-positive clients was defined as the sum of the total new HIV-positive and previously identified HIV-infected clients among those whose eligibility for HIV testing was assessed
  2. Abbreviations: uRR, unadjusted relative risk; aRR, adjusted relative risk; CI, credible interval