Table 5 Cox regression analyses assessing unadjusted, age & sex-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted risk of all-cause mortality in the total study cohort (N = 79,083)

 Age (continuous yrs)

1.12 (1.12–1.13) < 0.001

1.13 (1.12–1.14) < 0.001

1.08 (1.07–1.09) < 0.001

 Sex, women

0.82 (0.70–0.97) 0.020

0.58 (0.49–0.68) < 0.001

0.68 (0.56–0.81) < 0.001

 Nursing-home residence

24.37 (20.33–29.22) < 0.001

6.34 (5.18–7.76) < 0.001

1.63 (1.28–2.09) < 0.001

 Neurological disease

8.90 (7.28–10.89) < 0.001

2.55 (2.06–3.15) < 0.001

1.48 (1.18–1.85) 0.001

 Renal disease

5.13 (4.22–6.22) < 0.001

1.42 (1.17–1.74) 0.001

1.18 (0.95–1.46) 0.130

 Cancer

4.55 (3.80–5.44) < 0.001

2.64 (2.20–3.17) < 0.001

2.46 (2.03–2.98) < 0.001

 Rheumatic disease

1.59 (0.85–2.97) 0.146

1.42 (0.76–2.65) 0.276

0.89 (0.46–1.71) 0.717

 Respiratory disease

2.87 (2.36–3.49) < 0.001

1.75 (1.43–2.13) < 0.001

1.26 (0.96–1.66) 0.098

 Cardiac disease

4.14 (3.51–4.88) < 0.001

1.69 (1.43–2.00) < 0.001

1.29 (1.06–1.56) 0.009

 Atrial fibrillation

4.98 (4.06–6.11) < 0.001

1.50 (1.22–1.85) < 0.001

0.87 (0.63–1.19) 0.384

 Liver disease

2.12 (1.38–3.24) 0.001

2.68 (1.75–4.10) < 0.001

1.76 (1.14–2.73) 0.012

 Diabetes

2.31 (1.94–2.75) < 0.001

1.42 (1.19–1.69) < 0.001

1.07 (0.80–1.44) 0.652

 Hypertension

3.03 (2.53–3.62) < 0.001

1.08 (0.90–1.30) 0.399

1.19 (0.95–1.48) 0.125

 Obesity

0.94 (0.78–1.13) 0.513

0.92 (0.76–1.11) 0.274

0.89 (0.73–1.08) 0.219

 Smoking

0.60 (0.46–0.79) < 0.001

1.79 (1.35–2.38) < 0.001

1.30 (0.97–1.74) 0.078

 Alcoholism

1.31 (0.81–2.12) 0.273

2.14 (1.31–3.49) 0.002

1.42 (0.86–2.36) 0.173

 Diuretics

5.95 (5.04–7.02) < 0.001

2.22 (1.86–2.64) < 0.001

1.55 (1.27–1.88) < 0.001

 Beta blockers

2.30 (1.90–2.78) < 0.001

1.36 (1.12–1.64) 0.002

1.11 (0.90–1.37) 0.351

 ACEIs

1.25 (1.03–1.51) 0.021

0.73 (0.60–0.88) 0.001

0.64 (0.52–0.79) < 0.001

 ARBs

0.99 (0.76–1.28) 0.927

0.59 (0.46–0.77) < 0.001

0.53 (0.40–0.71) < 0.001

 Calcium channel blockers

1.58 (1.23–2.02) < 0.001

0.83 (0.65–1.07) 0.151

0.81 (0.62–1.05) 0.114

 Statins

1.06 (0.87–1.29) 0.582

0.72 (0.59–0.88) 0.002

0.73 (0.57–0.92) 0.008

 Oral anticoagulants

3.59 (2.87–4.50) < 0.001

1.27 (1.01–1.59) 0.041

1.10 (0.77–1.57) 0.594

 Antiplatelet drugs

3.30 (2.76–3.95) < 0.001

1.37 (1.14–1.64) 0.001

1.20 (0.97–1.49) 0.096

 Insulin

2.93 (2.24–3.83) < 0.001

1.88 (1.44–2.46) < 0.001

1.15 (0.84–1.59) 0.376

 Oral antidiabetic drugs

1.76 (1.44–2.15) < 0.001

1.19 (0.97–1.45) 0.089

1.19 (0.87–1.62) 0.270

 Inhaled respiratory drugs

3.24 (2.66–3.95) < 0.001

1.77 (1.45–2.16) < 0.001

1.08 (0.82–1.44) 0.575

 Antineoplastic agents

1.37 (0.83–2.25) 0.213

1.40 (0.85–2.30) 0.187

0.63 (0.37–1.06) 0.082

 Systemic corticosteroids

6.81 (5.17–8.98) < 0.001

4.02 (3.05–5.30) < 0.001

3.49 (2.59–4.70) < 0.001

 NSADs

0.31 (0.16–0.57) < 0.001

0.52 (0.28–0.98) 0.043

0.65 (0.35–1.23) 0.189

 Antihistamines

0.45 (0.25–0.82) < 0.001

0.52 (0.29–0.95) 0.034

0.58 (0.32–1.05) 0.073

 Proton-Pump Inhibitors

4.06 (3.45–4.78) < 0.001

1.81 (1.53–2.14) < 0.001

1.25 (1.03–1.51) 0.026

 Benzodiazepines

2.06 (1.72–2.47) < 0.001

1.45 (1.20–1.74) < 0.001

1.34 (1.11–1.61) 0.003

 Flu vaccine in prior autumn

4.04 (3.42–4.78) < 0.001

1.24 (1.04–1.48) 0.017

1.03 (0.84–1.27) 0.761

 PPV23

4.43 (3.72–5.29) < 0.001

0.90 (0.75–1.09) 0.287

0.92 (0.72–1.18) 0.517

 PCV13

3.01 (2.00–4.53) < 0.001

1.81 (1.20–2.72) 0.005

1.13 (0.74–1.73) 0.577

 Tetanus

1.44 (1.20–1.72) < 0.001

0.83 (0.69–0.99) 0.042

0.88 (0.70–1.10) 0.263

 Healthy/COVID19-nonrelated

1.00 (reference) < 0.001

1.00 (reference) < 0.001

1.00 (reference) < 0.001

 COVID19-excluded (PCR-)

10.78 (8.86–13.12) < 0.001

6.44 (5.28–7.87) < 0.001

4.24 (3.43–5.25) < 0.001

 COVID19-suspected

21.29 (10.01–45.30) < 0.001

35.89 (16.86–76.42) < 0.001

33.25 (15.53–71.20) < 0.001

 COVID19-confirmed (PCR+)

181.20 (144–29-227.54) < 0.001

74.31 (58.49–94.40) < 0.001

45.97 (35.01–60.37) < 0.001