Table 3 Incidence of all-cause mortality according to baseline demographical and clinical characteristics in the total study cohort (N = 79,083)
Characteristic | Study population (N = 79,083) n (%) | All-cause deaths (n = 576) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate analysis n (%) p-value | Time follow-up (persons-week) | Mortality rate | ||
MR (95% CI) | ||||
Sociodemographical | ||||
Age | ||||
50–64 yrs | 42,684 (54.0) | 54 (9.4) < 0.001 | 734,123 | 7.4 (5.5–9.8) |
65–79 yrs | 26,013 (32.9) | 149 (25.9) | 447,474 | 33.3 (28.1–39.4) |
≥ 80 yrs | 10,386 (13.1) | 373 (64.8) | 174,761 | 213.4 (191.8–237.3) |
Sex | ||||
Men | 37,626 (47.6) | 302 (52.4) 0.019 | 645,470 | 46.8 (41.7–52.5) |
Women | 41,457 (52.4) | 274 (47.6) | 710,888 | 38.5 (34.0–43.7) |
Community-dwelling | 77,676 (98.2) | 413 (71.7) < 0.001 | 1,335,069 | 30.9 (28.0–34.1) |
Nursing-home residence | 1407 (1.8) | 163 (28.3) | 21,289 | 765.7 (653.9–896.6) |
Comorbidities | ||||
Neurological disease | 2317 (2.9) | 119 (20.7) < 0.001 | 38,344 | 310.3 (258.5–372.4) |
Renal disease | 4476 (5.7) | 134 (23.3) < 0.001 | 75,629 | 177.2 (149.6–209.8) |
Cancer | 6630 (8.4) | 168 (29.2) < 0.001 | 112,481 | 149.4 (127.6–174.9) |
Rheumatic disease | 872 (1.1) | 10 (1.7) 0.144 | 14,897 | 67.1 (32.2–123.5) |
Inflammatory bowel disease | 532 (0.7) | 8 (1.4) 0.035 | 9097 | 87.9 (37.9–173.2) |
Respiratory disease | 7272 (9.2) | 129 (22.4) < 0.001 | 123,794 | 104.2 (86.8–125.0) |
Cardiac disease | 13,435 (17.0) | 263 (45.7) < 0.001 | 228,716 | 115.0 (101.4–130.4) |
Atrial fibrillation | 3786 (4.8) | 114 (19.8) < 0.001 | 63,962 | 178.2 (148.4–213.8) |
Liver disease | 1465 (1.9) | 22 (3.8) < 0.001 | 24,998 | 88.0 (55.2–132.9) |
Diabetes | 13,317 (16.8) | 183 (31.8) < 0.001 | 227,640 | 80.4 (69.3–93.3) |
Hypertension | 34,945 (44.2) | 406 (70.5) < 0.001 | 597,890 | 67.9 (61.5–75.0) |
Hypercholesterolemia | 27,314 (34.5) | 228 (39.6) 0.011 | 468,535 | 48.74 (43.0–55.2) |
Obesity | 21,678 (27.4) | 151 (26.2) 0.518 | 372,086 | 40.6 (34.7–47.5) |
Smoking | 12,750 (16.1) | 60 (10.4) < 0.001 | 219,518 | 27.3 (21.0–35.5) |
Alcoholism | 1796 (2.3) | 17 (3.0) 0.271 | 30,774 | 55.2 (32.2–88.3) |
Chronic medications use | ||||
Diuretics | 8481 (10.7) | 238 (41.3) < 0.001 | 143,357 | 166.0 (146.4–188.2) |
Beta blockers | 9571 (12.1) | 138 (24.0) < 0.001 | 163,450 | 84.4 (71.2–99.9) |
ACEIs | 16,419 (20.8) | 142 (24.7) 0.021 | 281,514 | 50.4 (42.5–59.7) |
ARBs | 8869 (11.2) | 64 (11.1) 0.937 | 152,376 | 42.0 (32.3–54.6) |
Calcium channel blockers | 6490 (8.2) | 71 (12.3) < 0.001 | 111,107 | 63.9 (50.2–81.2) |
Statins | 16,134 (20.4) | 123 (21.4) 0.569 | 277,237 | 44.4 (37.0–53.3) |
Oral anticoagulants | 3912 (4.9) | 90 (15.6) < 0.001 | 66,424 | 135.5 (109.6–168.0) |
Antiplatelet drugs | 9154 (11.6) | 173 (30.0) < 0.001 | 155,957 | 110.9 (95.6–128.6) |
Insulin | 3042 (3.8) | 60 (10.4) < 0.001 | 51,741 | 116.0 (89.3–150.8) |
Oral antidiabetic drugs | 10,585 (13.4) | 123 (21.4) < 0.001 | 181,452 | 67.8 (56.5–81.4) |
Inhaled respiratory drugs | 6293 (8.0) | 125 (21.7) < 0.001 | 106,857 | 117.0 (97.5–140.4) |
Antineoplastic agents | 1614 (2.0) | 16 (2.8) 0.209 | 27,691 | 57.8 (33.1–93.6) |
Systemic corticosteroids | 1252 (1.6) | 56 (9.7) < 0.001 | 21,030 | 266.3 (205.1–346.2) |
NSADs | 4321 (5.5) | 10 (1.7) < 0.001 | 74,152 | 13.5 (6.5–24.8) |
Chloroquine | 168 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) 0.266 | 2867 | – |
Antihistamines | 3264 (4.1) | 11 (1.9) 0.007 | 56,243 | 19.6 (9.8–35.1) |
Proton-Pump Inhibitors | 17,931 (22.7) | 312 (54.2) < 0.001 | 305,566 | 102.1 (91.1–114.5) |
Benzodiazepines | 13,046 (16.5) | 166 (28.8) < 0.001 | 222,537 | 74.6 (63.7–87.4) |
Vaccination’s history | ||||
Flu vaccine in prior autumn | 22,606 (28.6) | 355 (61.6) < 0.001 | 385,668 | 92.0 (82.7–102.3) |
PPV23 | 26,183 (33.1) | 395 (68.6) < 0.001 | 447,270 | 88.3 (80.0–97.5) |
PCV13 | 1139 (1.4) | 24 (4.2) < 0.001 | 19,272 | 124.5 (79.8–185.5) |
Tetanus | 50,799 (64.2) | 415 (72.0) < 0.001 | 871,204 | 47.6 (43.1–52.6) |