Table 1 Characteristics of Participants in the Sample (N = 2902), Men (n = 1146) and Women (n = 1756)
|  | Full sample (N = 2902) n (%) | Men (n = 1146) n (%) | Women (n = 1756) n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
Dependent variable | |||
 Any conditions | 1707 (58.8) | 702 (61.3) | 1005 (57.2) |
 Obesity | 587 (20.2) | 211 (18.4) | 376 (21.4) |
vHypertension | 1182 (40.7) | 504 (44.0) | 678 (38.6) |
 Diabetes | 626 (21.6) | 261 (22.8) | 365 (20.8) |
Independent variable of interest | |||
 Daytime napping | |||
  0 min/day | 2096 (72.2) | 765 (66.8) | 1331 (75.8) |
  1–59 min/day | 457 (15.8) | 205 (17.9) | 252 (14.4) |
   ≥ 60 min/day | 349 (12.0) | 176 (15.4) | 173 (9.9) |
  Demographics | |||
  Age (≥60) | 845 (29.1) | 351 (30.6) | 494 (28.1) |
  Marital status (cohabited) | 2554 (88.0) | 1067 (93.1) | 1487 (84.7) |
 Socioeconomic gradient Education | |||
  No formal education | 1791 (61.7) | 623 (54.4) | 1168 (66.5) |
  Elementary school | 858 (29.6) | 391 (34.1) | 467 (26.6) |
  Middle school and above | 253 (8.7) | 132 (11.5) | 121 (6.9) |
 Annual household income | |||
   ≤ 12,000 CNY | 683 (23.5) | 227 (19.8) | 456 (26.0) |
  12,000–19,999 CNY | 769 (26.5) | 297 (25.9) | 472 (26.9) |
  20,000–59,999 CNY | 946 (32.6) | 395 (34.5) | 551 (31.4) |
   ≥ 60,000 CNY | 503 (17.3) | 227 (19.8) | 276 (15.7) |
  Employed | 1976 (68.1) | 590 (51.5) | 1386 (78.9) |
Health behaviors | |||
 Smoking | |||
  Never | 2254 (77.7) | 611 (53.3) | 1643 (93.6) |
  Current | 456 (15.7) | 363 (31.7) | 93 (5.3) |
  Ever | 192 (6.6) | 172 (15.0) | 20 (1.1) |
 Alcohol consumption | |||
  No | 2117 (73.0) | 724 (63.2) | 1393 (79.3) |
  Occasionally (less than once a week) | 552 (19.0) | 241 (21.0) | 311 (17.7) |
  Frequently (at least once a week) | 233 (8.0) | 181 (15.8) | 52 (3.0) |
  Physical activity (high, > 17.5 MET-h/day) | 1448 (50.0) | 513 (44.8) | 935 (53.3) |
 Nighttime sleep (per night) | |||
   < 7 h | 194 (6.7) | 64 (5.6) | 130 (7.4) |
  7 h−8 h | 1912 (65.9) | 742 (64.8) | 1170 (66.6) |
  > 8 h | 790 (27.2) | 338 (29.5) | 452 (25.7) |
  Quality of nighttime sleep (poor) | 1180 (40.7) | 364 (31.8) | 816 (46.5) |
Health-related variable | |||
 Body Mass Index | |||
  Normal | 621 (21.4) | 258 (22.5) | 363 (20.7) |
  Underweight | 34 (1.2) | 7 (0.6) | 27 (1.5) |
  Overweight | 1660 (57.2) | 670 (58.5) | 990 (56.4) |
  Obesity | 587 (20.2) | 211 (18.4) | 376 (21.4) |