| No osteoporosis (n = 184,548) | Osteoporosis (n = 52,601) | P- value |
---|---|---|---|
Age, year | 50.1 ± 8.7 | 56.7 ± 9.6 | < 0.001 |
Sex |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Male | 107,764 (94.4) | 6394 (5.6) |  |
 Female | 76,784 (62.4) | 46,207 (37.6) |  |
Income levels | Â | Â | 0.824 |
 Lower | 58,269 (77.8) | 16,635 (22.2) |  |
 Upper | 126,279 (77.9) | 35,966 (22.1) |  |
Urbanization |  |  | < 0.001 |
 High | 87,979 (79.5) | 22,723 (20.5) |  |
 low | 96,569 (76.4) | 29,878 (23.6) |  |
Peptic ulcer disease | 22,698 (12.3) | 10,236 (19.5) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 20,930 (11.3) | 8479 (16.1) | < 0.001 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 3555 (1.93) | 1988 (3.78) | < 0.001 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 3146 (1.70) | 1981 (3.77) | < 0.001 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 1727 (0.94) | 926 (1.76) | < 0.001 |
Mental disorder | 1711 (0.93) | 1042 (1.98) | < 0.001 |
Congestive heart failure | 790 (0.43) | 544 (1.03) | < 0.001 |
Myocardial infarction | 513 (0.28) | 188 (0.36) | 0.003 |
Malignancy | 391 (0.21) | 159 (0.30) | < 0.001 |
Liver disease | 379 (0.21) | 131 (0.25) | < 0.001 |
Hemiplegia | 354 (0.19) | 147 (0.28) | < 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 304 (0.16) | 101 (0.19) | 0.181 |