Table 2 Demographic characteristics, health perceptions, dengue knowledge and control willingness (N = 261)

 Male sex of household heads

96(36.8, 30.9–43.0)

25(41.0, 28.6–54.3)

27(27.0, 18.6–36.8)

44(44.0, 34.1–54.3)

0.0331

  18–40

124(47.5, 41.3–53.8)

39(63.9, 50.6–75.8)

42(42.0, 32.2–52.3)

43(43.0, 33.1–53.3)

0.0134

  41–84

137(52.5, 46.2–58.7)

22(36.1, 24.2–49.4)

58(58.0, 47.7–67.8)

57(57.0, 46.7–66.9)

0.0134

School education (years)

43

  ≤ 6

129(49.4, 87.2–55.7)

13(21.3, 11.9–33.7)

36(36.0, 26.6–46.2)

80(80.0, 70.8–87.3)

< 0.0001

  7–9

58(22.2, 17.3–27.8)

30(49.2, 36.1–62.3)

12(12.0, 6.4–20.0)

16(16.0, 9.4–24.7)

< 0.0001

  > 9

74(28.4, 23.0–34.2)

18(29.5, 18.5–42.6)

52(52. 0, 41.8–62.1)

4(4.0, 1.1.9–9.9)

< 0.0001

Family wealth index

n = 259

n = 59

n = 100

n = 100

  1 Most poor

10(3.9, 0–7.0)

1(1.7, 0–9.1)

8(8.0, 3.5–15.2)

1(1.0, 0–5.5)

0.0220

  2 Mid low

0(0, 0–1.4)

0(0, 0–0.6)

0(0, 0–3.6)

0(0, 0–3.6)

–

  3 Middle

3(1.2, 0.2–3.4)

2(3.4, 0.4–11.7)

1(1.0, 0–5.5)

0(0, 0–3.6)

–

  4 Mid high

82(31.7, 26.0–37.7)

7(11.9, 4.9–22.9)

74(74.0, 64.3–82.3)

1(1.0, 0–5.5)

< 0.0001

  5 Least poor

164(63.3, 57.1–69.2)

49(83.3, 71.0–91.6)

17(17.0, 10.2–25.8)

98(98.0, 93.0–99.7)

< 0.0001

  Poverty is a cause of ill health

n = 259

n = 60

n = 99

n = 100

77(29.7, 24.2–35.7)

7(11.7, 4.8–22.6)

16 (16.2, 9.5–24.9)

54(54.0, 43.7–64.0)

< 0.0001

  People with evil practices may be punished by diseases

n = 260

n = 60

n = 100

n = 100

95(36.5, 30.7–42.7)

3(5.0, 1.0–13.9)

16(16.0, 9.4–24.7)

76(76.0, 66.4–84.0)

< 0.0001

  The Lord Buddha will protect good people

182(70.0, 64.0–75.5)

3(5.0, 1.0–13.9)

99(99.0, 94.6–100.0)

80(80.0, 70.8–87.3)

< 0.0001

  All natural factors influence health

n = 259

n = 60

n = 100

n = 99

198(76.5, 70.8–81.5)

59(98.3, 91.1–100.0)

40 (40.0, 30.3–50.3)

99(100.0, 100.0–100.0)

< 0.0001

Beliefs on environments associated with diseases

n = 258

n = 59

n = 99

n = 100

  Too hot

120(46.5, 40.3–52.8)

14(23.7, 13.6–36.6)

9(9.1, 4.2–16.6)

97(97.0, 91.5–99.4)

< 0.0001

  Too cold

186(72.1, 66.2–77.5)

33(55.9, 42.4–68.8)

68(68.7, 58.6–77.6)

85(85.0, 76.5–91.4)

0.0003

  Too rainy

119(46.2, 39.9–52.4)

5(8.5, 2.8–18.7)

36(36.4, 26.9–46.6)

78(78.0, 68.6–85.7)

< 0.0001

  Too forested

22(8.5, 5.4–12.6)

0(0, 0–6.1)

0(0, 0–3.6)

22(22.0, 14.3–31.4)

–

  Rivers, streams and clear water pools

29(11.2, 7.7–15.7)

4(6.8, 1.9–16.5)

0(0, 0–3.6)

25(25.0, 16.9–34.6)

–

  Polluted water

74(28.7, 23.2–34.6)

25(42.4, 29.6–55.9)

4(4.0, 1.1–10.0)

45(45.0, 35.0–55.3)

< 0.0001

  Poor hygiene

220(85.3, 80.3–89.4)

59(100, 93.9–100.0)

80(80.8, 71.7–88.0)

81(81.0, 71.9–88.2)

< 0.0001

Beliefs on environment benefiting health

n = 260

n = 60

n = 100

n = 100

  Clean and sound hygiene

213(81.9, 76.7–86.4)

34(56.7, 43.2–69.4)

79(79.0, 69.7–86.6)

100(100.0, 100.0–100.0)

< 0.0001

  No polluted water

100(38.5, 32.5–44.7)

16(27.7, 16.1–39.6)

8(8.0, 3.5–15.2)

76(76.0, 66.4–84.0)

< 0.0001

  Many flowers, grass and trees

110(42.3, 36.2–48.6)

48(80.0, 67.7–89.2)

0(0, 0–3.6)

62(62.0, 51.7–71.5)

< 0.0001

  Good hygiene can reduce diseases

210(80.9, 75.5–85.4)

25(41.7, 29.1–55.1)

96(96.0, 90.1–98.9)

89(89.0, 81.2–94.4)

< 0.0001

Perceived severity

n = 259

n = 60

n = 100

n = 99

  Easy to contract dengue

78(30.1, 24.6–36.1)

14(23.3, 13.4–36.0)

19(19.0, 11.8–28.1)

45(45.5, 35.4–55.8)

0.0001

  Not easy to get dengue

160(61.8, 55.6–67.7)

46(76.7, 64.0–86.6)

66(66.0, 55.8–75.2)

48(48.5, 38. 3–58.8)

0.0010

  A severe illness

130(50.2, 43.9–56.4)

16(26.2, 15.8–39.1)

62(62.0, 51.8–71.5)

52(53.1, 42.7–63.2)

0.0001

  A deadly disease

102(39.4, 33.4–45.6)

7(11.7, 4.8–22.6)

60(60.0, 49.7–69.7)

35(35.4, 26.0–45.6)

< 0.0001

  Do not know

21 (8.1, 5.1–12.1)

0(0, 0–6.0)

15(15.0, 8.7–23.5)

6(6.1, 2.3–12.7)

0.0022

Transmissibility

198(75.9, 70.2–80.9)

60(100.0, 94.0–100.0)

62(62.0, 51.8–71.5)

76(76.0, 66.4–84.0)

< 0.0001

 Directly transmittable from person to person

N = 256

N = 61

n = 99

N = 96

36(14.1, 10.1–18.9)

2(3.3, 0.4–11.4)

5(5.1, 1.7–11.4)

29 (30.2, 21.3–40.4)

< 0.0001

Heard about dengue

231(88.5, 84.0–92.1)

60(100.0, 94.0–100.0)

84(84.0, 75.3–90.6)

87(87.0, 78.8–92.9)

0.0060

Knowledge of dengue symptoms

n = 253

n = 61

n = 100

n = 92

  Fever

206(81.4, 76.0–85.9)

61(100.0, 94.1–100.0)

73(73.0, 63.2–81.4)

72(78.2, 68.4–82.2)

0.0001

  Headache

177(70.0, 63.9–75.5)

60(98.4, 91.2–100.0)

38(38.0, 28.5–48.3)

79(85.9, 77.0–92.3)

< 0.0001

  Orbital pain

65(25.7, 20.4–31.5)

18(29.5, 18.5–42.6)

14(14.0, 7.9–22.4)

33 (35.9, 26.1–46.5)

0.0016

  Pantalgia

140(55.3, 48.9–61.6)

31(50.8, 37.7–63.9)

47(47.0, 36.9–57.2)

62(67.4, 56.8–76.8)

0. 0093

  Rash

49(19.4, 14.7–24.8)

16(26.2, 15.8–39.1)

11(11.0, 5.6–18.8)

22(23.9, 15.6–33.9)

0.0219

  Others

29(11.5, 7.8–16.0)

0(0, 0–5.9)

28(28.0, 19.5–37.9)

1(1.1, 0.02–5.9)

< 0.0001

  Not know or no response

8(3.2, 1.4–6.1)

0(0, 0–5.9)

0(0, 0–3.6)

8(8.7, 3.8–16.4)

0.0007

Knowledge of dengue causes

n = 259

n = 61

n = 100

n = 98

  Bacteria

0(0, 0–1.8)

0(0, 0–5.9)

0(0, 0–3.6)

0(0, 0–4.7)

–

  Viruses

9(3.5, 1.6–6.5)

7(11.5, 4.7–22.2)

1(1.0, 0.03–5.4)

1(1.0, 0.03–5.6)

0.0005

  Mosquitoes

213(82.2, 77.0–86.7)

60(98.4, 91.2–100.0)

70(70.0,60.0–78.8)

83(84.7, 74.2–89.8)

< 0.0001

  Eat improper or dirty food

5(1.9, 0.6–4.4)

0(0, 0–5.9)

0(0, 0–3.6)

5(5.1, 1.7–11.5)

0.0152

  Animals

2(0.8, 0.1–2.8)

1(1.6, 0.04–8.8)

0(0, 0–3.6)

1(1.0, 0.03–5.6)

–

  Flies

0(0, 0–1.8)

0(0, 0–5.9)

0(0, 0–3.6)

0(0, 0–4.7)

–

  Be rained or shower with cold water

0(0, 0–1.8)

0(0, 0–5.9)

2(0, 0–3.6)

0(0, 0–4.7)

–

  Others

0(0, 0–5.9)

0(0, 0–5.9)

1(1.0, 0.03–5.4)

1(1.0, 0.03–5.6)

–

  Not know or no response

36(13.9, 9.9–18.7)

0(0, 0–5.9)

25(25.0, 16.9–34.7)

11(11.2, 5.7–19.2)

< 0.0001

  Piebald or Aedes spp

n = 255

n = 60

n = 97

n = 98

194(76.1, 70.4–81.2)

59(98.3, 91.1–100.0)

41(42.3, 32.3–52.7)

94(95.9, 89.9–98.9)

< 0.0001

Biting time

n = 261

n = 61

n = 100

n = 100

  24 h

114(43.7, 37.6–49.9)

56(91.8, 81.9–97.3)

25(25.0, 16.9–34.7)

34(34.0, 24.8–44.2)

< 0.0001

  Daytime

117(44.8, 38.7–51.1)

5(8.2, 2.7–18.1)

54(54.0, 43.7–64.0)

58(58.0, 47.7–67.8)

< 0.0001

  Night

17(6.5, 3.8–10.2)

0(0, 0–6.0)

17(17.0, 10.2–25.8)

0(0, 0–3.6)

< 0.0001

  Not know or no response

14(5.4, 3.0–8.8)

0(0, 0–6.0)

6(6.0, 2.2–12.6)

8(8.0, 3.5–15.2)

0.0860

  All water sites

n = 260

n = 61

n = 99

n = 100

226(86.9, 82.2–90.8)

60(98.4, 91.2–100.0)

68(68.7, 58.6–77.6)

98(98.0, 93.0–99.8)

< 0.0001

  Watered containers or small-scale ponds

n = 247

n = 50

n = 97

n = 100

220(89.1, 84.5–92.7)

50(100.0, 100.0–100.0)

70(72.2, 62.1–80.8)

100(100.0, 100.0–100.0)

< 0.0001

Knowledge regarding reducing Aedes breeding sites

n = 261

n = 61

n = 100

n = 100

  Maintain sound hygiene

122(46.7, 40.6–53.0)

29(47.5, 34.6–60.7)

13 (13.0, 7.1–21.2)

80 (80.0, 70.8–87.3)

< 0.0001

  Turn containers upside down

242(92.7, 88.9–95.6)

61(100.0, 100.0–100.0)

81(81.0, 71.9–88.2)

100(100.0, 100.0–100.0)

< 0.0001

  Drain watered small-scale ponds

69 (26.4, 21.2–32.2)

9(14.8, 7.0–26.2)

5(5.0, 3.6–11.3)

55(55.0, 44.7–65.0)

< 0.0001

Knowledge of preventing Aedes bites

n = 261

n = 61

n = 100

n = 100

  Door and window screens

120(45.9, 39.8–52.2)

21(34.4, 22.7–47.7)

10 (10.0, 4.9–17.6)

89(89.0, 81.2–94.4)

< 0.0001

  Use of mosquito coils

240(92.0, 88.0–95.0)

60(98.4, 91.2–100.0)

80(80.0, 70.8–87.3)

100(100.0, 100.0–100.0)

< 0.0001

  Fogging and spraying with insecticides

137(52.5, 46.2–58.7)

28(45.9, 33.1–59.2)

18(18.0, 11.0–27.0)

91(91.0, 83.6–95.8)

< 0.0001

  Use of bed nets

128 (49.0, 42.8–55.3)

9(14.8, 7.0–26.2)

29(29.0, 20.4–38.9)

90(90.0, 82.4–95.1)

< 0.0001

  Others

11(4.2, 2.1–7.4)

1(1.6, 0.04–8.8)

9(9.0, 4.2–16.4)

1(1.0, 0–5.5)

0.0099

  Not know or no response

10(3.8, 1.9–6.7)

0(0, 0–5.9)

10 (10.0, 4.9–17.6)

0(0, 0–3.6)

< 0.0001

Family income source

n = 260

  Agriculture

123 (41.1, 42.8–53.6)

1(1.6, 0.04–8.8)

31(31.3, 22.4–41.4)

91(91.0, 83.6–95.8)

< 0.0001

  Others

137(52.7, 46.4–58.89)

60(98.4, 91.2–100)

68(68.7, 58.6–77.6)

9(9.0, 4.2–16.4)

< 0.0001

Family decision

n = 261

  Wife or co-decision

156 (59.8, 53.5–65.8)

39(63.9, 50.6–75.8)

48(48.0, 37.9–58.2)

69(69.0, 59.0–77.9)

0.0167

  Husband

105(40.2, 34.2–46.5)

22(36.1, 24.2–49.4)

52(52.0, 41.8–62.1)

31(31.0, 22.3–41.0)

0.0167

  Willing to eliminate bamboo and tree stub holes around houses

n = 226

n = 32

n = 96

n = 98

221(97.8, 94.9–99.3)

29(90.7, 75.0–98.0)

96 (100.0, 100.0–100.0)

96(98.0, 92.8–99.8)

–

  Willing to clean dumps and turn containers upside down

n = 239

n = 40

n = 99

n = 100

233(97.5, 94.6–99.1)

36(90.0, 76.3–97.2)

99 (100.0, 100.0–100.0)

98(98.0, 93.0–99.8)

0.0027

  Willing to seek treatment first for dengue fever from public health facilities

96 (36.8, 30.9–42.9)

16 (26.2, 15.8–39.1)

46 (46.0, 36.0–56.3)

34 (34.0, 24.8–44.2)

0.5436