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Table 1 The characteristics of participants based on gender

From: Contribution of vitamin D status as a determinant of cardiometabolic risk factors: a structural equation model, National Food and Nutrition Surveillance

Variables

Men (n = 424)

Women (n = 486)

p value*

Age, (years)

39.3 ± 7.9

38.6 ± 8.3

0.220

Body mass index, (kg/m2)

26.7 ± 4.1

27.8 ± 4.8

< 0.001

Sun exposure duration, n (%)

 No exposure

45 (10.6)

115 (23.7)

< 0.001

 10–60 min

164 (38.7)

279 (57.4)

 60–120 min

71 (16.7)

60 (12.3)

 More than 120 min

144 (34.0)

32 (6.6)

Time of day (%)

 7–10

62 (14.6)

123 (25.3)

< 0.001

 10–15

306 (72.2)

304 (62.6)

 15–17

56 (13.2)

59 (12.1)

Sunscreen use (%)

 Never

383 (90.3)

199 (40.9)

< 0.001

 Sometimes

25 (5.9)

120 (24.7)

 Often

4 (0.9)

55 (11.3)

 Always

12 (2.8)

112 (23.0)

25-hydroxy vitamin D (nmol/L)

27.3 ± 15.2

25.9 ± 17.5

0.206

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

148.9 ± 83.6

114.8 ± 61.2

< 0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

169.3 ± 35.0

167.7 ± 33.1

0.485

LDL (mg/dL)

97.9 ± 28.5

95.3 ± 27.8

0.158

HDL (mg/dL)

41.7 ± 12.3

49.5 ± 11.6

< 0.001

  1. Values are mean ± SD or number (%), p-values for between-group differences were assessed using t.test or chi-square test, as appropriate